A cikk a szkizofrénia neurokognitív elméleteinek jellegzetes képviselőjét, a mentalizációs deficit hipotézist mutatja be. C. Frith (1992) elképzelése szerint a szkizofrénia tüneteinek és viselkedéses jellegzetességeinek nagy része egyetlen funkció, a tudatelmélet sérülésének következménye. Írásunkban a tudatelmélet fejlődéslélektani és autizmussal kapcsolatos kutatásának tapasztalataira alapozva kritikai áttekintését adjuk az elmélet indukálta empirikus vizsgálatok eredményeinek.
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