Öröklés (nature) és környezet (nurture) viszonya a viselkedéssel foglalkozó tudományok egyik legelcsépeltebb, mégis legkevésbé jól megválaszolt problémája. Általánosan elfogadott, hogy a környezet és a biológiai adottságok együttesen működnek közre a fejlődés hátterében, az „is” válasz azonban gyakran felszínes evidencia marad. A tanulmány kritikailag elemzi azt a szemléletet, amely a fejlődést befolyásoló biológiai és környezeti tényezőket tömbszerűen dichotóm, egymástól független kettősségként fogja fel, és a pszichológia társtudományainak (etológia, viselkedésgenetika, evolúciótan) kulcsterületein sorra veszi azokat az érvrendszereket, amelyek túlmutatnak a biológiai determinizmus és a környezetelvűség leegyszerűsítő magyarázatain. A tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy mind teljesebben lebontsuk a „természetet” és „környezetet” szétválasztó falat, és meghaladjuk az ezzel járó berögzött előfeltevés-rendszert.
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