We prove criteria for a graph to be the Reeb graph of a function of a given class on a closed manifold: Morse–Bott, round, and in general smooth functions whose critical set consists of a finite number of submanifolds. The criteria are given in terms of whether the graph admits an orientation, which we call S-good orientation, with certain conditions on the degree of sources and sinks, similar to the known notion of good orientation in the context of Morse functions. We also study when such a function is the height function associated with an immersion of the manifold. The condition for a graph to admit an S-good orientation can be expressed in terms of the leaf blocks of the graph.
Erica Boizan Batista, João Carlos Ferreira Costa, and Ingrid Sofia Meza-Sarmiento. Topo-logical classification of circle-valued simple Morse-Bott functions. Journal of Singularities, 17:388–402, 2018.
Erica Boizan Batista, João Carlos Ferreira Costa, and Juan J. Nuño-Ballesteros. Loops in generalized Reeb graphs associated to stable circle-valued functions. Journal of Singular-ities, 22:104–113, 2020.
A.V. Bolsinov and A.T. Fomenko. Integrable Hamiltonian Systems: Geometry, Topology, Clas- sification. CRC Press, USA, 2004.
Ketty A. de Rezende and Robert D. Franzosa. Lyapunov graphs and fiows on surfaces. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 340(2):767–784, 1993.
Herbert Edelsbrunner and John Harer. Computational Topology: An Introduction. American Mathematical Society, 2010.
John Franks. Nonsingular Smale fiows on S3. Topology, 24(3):265–282, 1985.
Irina Gelbukh. Loops in Reeb graphs of n-manifolds. Discrete Comput. Geom., 59(4):843–863, 2018.
Irina Gelbukh. Approximation of metric spaces by Reeb graphs: Cycle rank of a Reeb graph, the co-rank of the fundamental group, and large components of level sets on Riemannian manifolds. Filomat, 33(7):2031–2049, 2019.
Irina Gelbukh. A finite graph is homeomorphic to the Reeb graph of a Morse–Bott function. Math. Slovaca, 71(3):757–772, 2021.
Irina Gelbukh. Morse–Bott functions with two critical values on a surface. Czech. Math. J., 71(3):865–880, 2021.
Irina Gelbukh. Criterion for a graph to admit a good orientation in terms of leaf blocks. To appear in Monatsh. Math., 2022.
Marek Kaluba, Wacław Marzantowicz, and Nelson Silva. On representation of the Reeb graph as a sub-complex of manifold. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 45(1):287–305, 2015.
Georgi Khimshiashvili and Dirk Siersma. Remarks on minimal round functions. Banach Center Publications, 62(1):159–172, 2004.
Olexandra Khohliyk and Sergiy Maksymenko. Diffeomorphisms preserving Morse–Bott functions. Indag. Math., 31(2):185–203, 2020.
Naoki Kitazawa. Maps on manifolds onto graphs locally regarded as a quotient map onto a Reeb space and construction problem, 2019. pre-print, 12 pages, arXiv:1909.10315 [math.GT].
Naoki Kitazawa. On Reeb graphs induced from smooth functions on 3-dimensional closed orientable manifolds with finitely many singular values, 2019. pre-print, 9 pages, arXiv:1902.08841 [math.GT].
Naoki Kitazawa. On Reeb graphs induced from smooth functions on closed or open mani- folds, 2019. pre-print, 18 pages, arXiv:1908.04340 [math.GT].
Anna Kravchenko and Sergiy Maksymenko. Automorphisms of Kronrod–Reeb graphs of Morse functions on compact surfaces. Eur. J. Math., 6(1):114–131, 2020.
Dahisy V.S. Lima, Oziride Manzoli Neto, and Ketty A. de Rezende. On handle theory for Morse–Bott critical manifolds. Geom. Dedicata, 202:265–309, 2019.
Dmytro P. Lychak and Alexandr O. Prishlyak. Morse functions and fiows on nonorientable surfaces. Methods Funct. Anal. Topol., 15(3):251–258, 2009.
Sergiy Maksymenko. Homotopy types of stabilizers and orbits of Morse functions on surfaces. Ann. Glob. Anal. Geom., 29:241–285, 2006.
Jose Martínez-Alfaro, Ingrid Sofia Meza-Sarmiento, and Regilene Oliveira. Topological classification of simple Morse Bott functions on surfaces. In Real and Complex Singularities, number 675 in Contemporary Mathematics, pages 165–179. AMS, 2016.
Jose Martínez-Alfaro, Ingrid Sofia Meza-Sarmiento, and Regilene D.S. Oliveira. Singu-lar levels and topological invariants of Morse–Bott foliations on non-orientable surfaces. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 51(1):183–213, 2018.
Yasutaka Masumoto and Osamu Saeki. Smooth function on a manifold with given Reeb graph. Kyushu J. of Math., 65(1):75–84, 2011.
Łukasz Patryk Michalak. Realization of a graph as the Reeb graph of a Morse function on a manifold. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 52(2):749–762, 2018.
Łukasz Patryk Michalak. Combinatorial modifications of Reeb graphs and the realization problem. Discrete Comput. Geom., 65(4):1038–1060, 2021.
George Reeb. Sur les points singuliers d’une forme de Pfaff complétement intégrable ou d’une fonction numérique. C.R.A.S. Paris, 222:847–849, 1946.
Osamu Saeki. Reeb spaces of smooth functions on manifolds. Int. Math. Res. Not., February 2021.
Vladimir Vasilievich Sharko. About Kronrod-Reeb graph of a function on a manifold. Meth-ods Funct. Anal. Topol., 12(4):389–396, 2006.
Bin Yu. Lyapunov graphs of nonsingular Smale fiows on S1 × S2. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 365(2):767–783, 2013.