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L. Márton Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Hunarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary

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The effect of rainfall quantity and distribution and of N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilisation on the yields of rye, potato, winter wheat and triticale were evaluated in the 42 years of a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment [soil (acidic, sandy, brown forest) × fertilisation (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) × rainfall (quantity, distribution) × crop (rye, potato, winter wheat, triticale)] set up in 1962 under fragile agro-ecological conditions in the Nyírlugos-Nyírség region of Eastern Hungary. The soil had the following agrochemical characteristics: pH (H2O) 5.9, pH (KCl) 4.7, hydrolytic acidity 8.4, hy1 0.3, humus 0.7%, total N 34 mg kg-1, ammonium lactate (AL)-soluble P2O5 43 mg kg-1, AL-K2O 60 mg kg-1 in the ploughed layer. From 1962 to 1980 the experiment consisted of 2×16×4×4=512 plots and from 1980 of 32×4=128 plots in split-split-plot and factorial random block designs. The gross plot size was 10×5=50 m2. The average fertiliser rates in kg ha-1 year-1 were nitrogen 45, phosphorus 24 (P2O5), potassium 40 (K2O), magnesium 7.5 (MgO) until 1980 and nitrogen 75, phosphorus 90 (P2O5), potassium 90 (K2O), magnesium 140 (MgCO3) after 1980. The main results and conclusions were as follows: The rainfall quantities averaged over many years and in the experimental years, and during the growing season, averaged over many years and in the experimental years, were 567, 497, 509, 452 mm for rye and 586, 509, 518 and 467 mm for winter wheat. Rainfall deviations from the many years' average -3% and -13% in the experimental years and during the growing season for potato and 2% and -3% for triticale. During the vegetation period the relationships between rainfall quantity, NPKCaMg nutrition and yield could be characterised primarily by quadratic correlations. Maximum yields of 4.0 t ha-1 for rye, 21.0 t ha-1 for potato, 3.4 t ha-1 for winter wheat and 5.0-6.0 t ha-1 for triticale were recorded when the natural rainfall amounted to 430-500, 280-330, 449-495 and 550-600 mm, respectively. At values above and below these figures there was a considerable reduction in the yield. The results showed that the crop yields were strongly influenced (quadratic correlation) by interactions between N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilisation and rainfall quantity and distribution.

  • Márton, L. 2002a: Climate fluctuations and the effect of N fertiliser on the yield of rye (Secale cereale L.). Növénytermelés, 51, 199-210.

    'Climate fluctuations and the effect of N fertiliser on the yield of rye (Secale cereale L.) ' () 51 Növénytermelés : 199 -210 .

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    'Bases of the weather and yield modelling systems ' () 85 Időjárás : 334 -345 .

  • Várallyay, Gy. 1984: Water management problems of the Hungarian sandy soils. Agrokémia és Talajtan, 33, 159-170.

    'Water management problems of the Hungarian sandy soils ' () 33 Agrokémia és Talajtan : 159 -170 .

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    'Effect of extremes of rainfall supplies on certain crop production factors in maize grown on brown forest soil ' () 49 Növénytermelés : 691 -706 .

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  • Kádár, I. 1992: Principles and Methods in Plant Nutrition. RISSAC-HAS, Akaprint, Budapest.

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  • Kováts, A., Márton, L., Szabó, L. 1985: Analysis of the relations between humus and pH on the ground of results of soil investigations on farm-scale plots. Növénytermelés, 34, 507-512.

    'Analysis of the relations between humus and pH on the ground of results of soil investigations on farm-scale plots ' () 34 Növénytermelés : 507 -512 .

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  • Láng, I. 1973: Long-term fertilisation experiments on sandy soils. Thesis, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.

  • Láng, I. 2003: Plan for research on global climate changes. A falu, 18, 85-89.

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  • Lásztity, B. 1991: Water supply of barley and fertilisation. Agrokémia és Talajtan, 40, 97-108.

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  • Márton, L. 2002b: Analysis of year effect in a long-term fertilisation experiment in Nyírlugos (North East Hungary). Effect of rainfall and nutrient supplies on the yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Növénytermelés, 51, 71-87.

    'Analysis of year effect in a long-term fertilisation experiment in Nyírlugos (North East Hungary). Effect of rainfall and nutrient supplies on the yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ' () 51 Növénytermelés : 71 -87 .

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  • Márton, L. 2002c: Relationships between rainfall, nutrient supplies and the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Növénytermelés, 51, 529-542.

    'Relationships between rainfall, nutrient supplies and the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ' () 51 Növénytermelés : 529 -542 .

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  • Márton L. 2002d: Effect of rainfall and nutrient supplies on the yield of triticale in long-term experiments. Növénytermelés, 51, 687-701.

    'Effect of rainfall and nutrient supplies on the yield of triticale in long-term experiments ' () 51 Növénytermelés : 687 -701 .

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  • Németh, T. 1996: Organic Matter Content and N Cycling in our Soils. RISSAC-HAS. Budapest.

  • Rácz, L. 1999: Climate history of Hungary since 16th century: Past, present and future. Discussion paper (Serial editor. Z. Gál). Center for Regional Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pécs. 160 p.

  • Stefanovits, P. 1966: Hungarian sandy soil characterisation. pp. 9-22. In: Antal, J. (ed.), Plant Production on Sandy Soil. Agricultural Press. Budapest.

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Acta Agronomica Hungarica
Language English
Russian
German
French
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Year of
Foundation
1950
Publication
Programme
ceased
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per Year
 
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per Year
 
Founder Magyar Tudományos Akadémia   
Founder's
Address
H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
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Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
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Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0238-0161 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2527 (Online)

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