Atrazine is a frequently detected pollutant in agricultural soils, groundwater and surface waters. Microbial degradation was confirmed in soils, and recently several atrazine-degrading bacteria have been isolated. Degradation in aquifers, however, is not well understood, and to date, atrazine degraders have not been isolated from water. In the present study, the impact of atrazine was assessed in agricultural soil and river sediment and the composition of the atrazine-degrading bacterial community in the soil and sediment was compared. Atrazine pollution increased the number and diversity of the endogenous atrazine degraders in both environments. Proteobacteria were predominant atrazine degraders in soils, whereas the community of atrazine-degrading bacteria in sediment consisted mostly of coryneforms.
Abdelhafid, R., Houot, S., Barriuso, E. (2000): Dependence of atrazine degradation on C and N availability in adapted and non-adapted soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 389-401.
'Dependence of atrazine degradation on C and N availability in adapted and non-adapted soils ' () 32 Soil Biol. Biochem. : 389 -401 .
Rousseaux, S., Hartmann, A., Soulas, G. (2001): Isolation and characterization of new Gramnegative and Gram-positive atrazine degrading bacteria from different French soils. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 36, 211-222.
'Isolation and characterization of new Gramnegative and Gram-positive atrazine degrading bacteria from different French soils ' () 36 FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. : 211 -222 .
Struthers, J. K., Jayachandran, K., Moorman, T. B. (1998): Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 3368-3375.
Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in bioremediation of contaminated soil 64 3368 3375
Takáts, Z., Vargha, M., Vékey, K. (2001): Investigation of atrazine metabolism in river sediment by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 1735-1742.
'Investigation of atrazine metabolism in river sediment by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ' () 15 Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. : 1735 -1742 .
Topp, E., Hong, Z., Nour, S. M., Houot, S., Lewis, M., Cuppels, D. (2000): Characterization of an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from Canadian and French agricultural soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 2773-2782.
Characterization of an atrazine-degrading Pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from Canadian and French agricultural soils 66 2773 2782
Shao, Z. Q., Behki, R. (1995): Cloning of the genes for degradation of the herbicides EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and atrazine from Rhodococcus sp. strain TEI. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 2061-2065.
Cloning of the genes for degradation of the herbicides EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and atrazine from Rhodococcus sp. strain TEI 61 2061 2065
Smith-Geeier, L. L., Adkins, A. (1996): Isolation and characterization of soil microorganism capable of utilizing the herbicide diclofop-methyl as a sole source of carbon and energy. Can. J. Microbiol., 42, 221-226.
'Isolation and characterization of soil microorganism capable of utilizing the herbicide diclofop-methyl as a sole source of carbon and energy ' () 42 Can. J. Microbiol. : 221 -226 .
Stackebrandt, E., Goodfellow, M. (eds.) (1991): Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics. John Wiley, Chichester.
Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics , ().
Németh-Konda, L., Füleky, G., Morovjan, G., Csokán, P. (2002): Sorption behaviour of acetochlor, atrazine, carbendazim, diazinon imidacloprid and isoproturon on Hungarian agricultural soil. Chemosphere, 31, 1241-1247.
'Sorption behaviour of acetochlor, atrazine, carbendazim, diazinon imidacloprid and isoproturon on Hungarian agricultural soil ' () 31 Chemosphere : 1241 -1247 .
Papiernik, S. K., Spalding, R. F. (1998): Atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine persistence measured in groundwater in situ under low-oxygen conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 749-754.
Atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine persistence measured in groundwater in situ under low-oxygen conditions 46 749 754
Radosevich, M., Traina, S. J., Tuovinen, O. H. (1996): Biodegradation of atrazine in surface soils and subsurface sediments collected from an agricultural research farm. Biodegradation, 7, 137-149.
'Biodegradation of atrazine in surface soils and subsurface sediments collected from an agricultural research farm ' () 7 Biodegradation : 137 -149 .
Vargha, M., Szabó, G., Márialigeti, K. (2000): A dunai kavicságy szűrőképessége I. Laboratóriumi modellrendszer építése és tesztelése. (Filtrating capacity of the Danubian gravelbed I. Construction and testing of a laboratory model system.) Hidrológiai Közlöny, 80, 213-220.
'A dunai kavicságy szűrőképessége I. Laboratóriumi modellrendszer építése és tesztelése. (Filtrating capacity of the Danubian gravelbed I. Construction and testing of a laboratory model system.) ' () 80 Hidrológiai Közlöny : 213 -220 .
Vedler, E., Koiv, V., Heinaru, A. (2000): Analysis of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradative plasmid pEST4011 of Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans strain EST4002. Gene, 255, 281-288.
'Analysis of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradative plasmid pEST4011 of Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans strain EST4002 ' () 255 Gene : 281 -288 .
Villareal, D. T., Turco, R. F., Konopka, A. (1991): Propachlor degradation by a soil bacterial community. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2135-2140.
'Propachlor degradation by a soil bacterial community ' () 57 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. : 2135 -2140 .
Yantze-Kontchou, C., Gschwind, N. (1994): Mineralization of the herbicide atrazine as a carbon source by a Pseudomonas strain. Appl. Environ. MicroBiol.60, 4297-4302.
Mineralization of the herbicide atrazine as a carbon source by a Pseudomonas strain 60 4297 4302
Kolpin, D. W., Kalkhoff, S. J. (1993): Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa. Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 134-139.
'Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa ' () 27 Environ. Sci. Technol. : 134 -139 .
Lee, S. G., Yoon, B. D., Park, Y. H., Oh, H. M. (1998): Isolation of a novel pentachlorophenoldegrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bu34. J. Appl. Microbiol., 85, 1-8.
Isolation of a novel pentachlorophenoldegrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bu34 85 1 8
Ames, R. A., Hoyle, B. L. (1999): Biodegradation and mineralization of atrazine in shallow subsurface sediments from Illinois. J. Environ. Quality, 28, 1674-1681.
'Biodegradation and mineralization of atrazine in shallow subsurface sediments from Illinois ' () 28 J. Environ. Quality : 1674 -1681 .
Anderson, K. L., Wheeler, K. A., Robinson, J. B., Tuovinen, O. H. (2002): Atrazine mineralization potential in two wetlands. Water Res., 36, 4785-4794.
'Atrazine mineralization potential in two wetlands ' () 36 Water Res. : 4785 -4794 .
Boundy-Mills, K. L., de Souza, M. L., Mandelbaum, R. T., Wackett, L. P., Sadowsky, M. J. (1997): The atzB gene of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP encodes the second enzyme of a novel atrazine degradation pathway. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 63, 916-923.
() 63 Appl. Envir. Microbiol. : 916 -923 .
Boyd, R. A. (2000): Herbicides and herbicide degradates in shallow groundwater and the Cedar river near a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Sci. Total Environ., 248, 241-253.
'Herbicides and herbicide degradates in shallow groundwater and the Cedar river near a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa ' () 248 Sci. Total Environ. : 241 -253 .
Lerch, R. N., Donald, W. W., Li, Y.-X., Alberts, E. E. (1995): Hydroxylated atrazine products in a small Missouri stream. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2759-2768.
'Hydroxylated atrazine products in a small Missouri stream ' () 29 Environ. Sci. Technol. : 2759 -2768 .
De Souza, M. L., Wackett, L. P., Boundy-Mills, K. L., Mandelbaum, R. T., Sadowsky, M. J. (1995): Cloning, characterization, and expression of a gene region from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP involved in the dechlorination of atrazine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 3373-3378.
'Cloning, characterization, and expression of a gene region from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP involved in the dechlorination of atrazine ' () 61 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. : 3373 -3378 .
Giardi, M. T., Giardina, M. C., Filacchioni, G. (1985): Chemical and biological degradation of primary metabolites of atrazine by a Nocardia strain. Agric. Biol. Chem., 49, 1551-1558.
'Chemical and biological degradation of primary metabolites of atrazine by a Nocardia strain ' () 49 Agric. Biol. Chem. : 1551 -1558 .
Mersie, W., Liu, J., Seybold, C., Tierney, D. (1998): Extractibility and degradation of atrazine in a submerged sediment. Weed Science, 46, 480-486.
'Extractibility and degradation of atrazine in a submerged sediment ' () 46 Weed Science : 480 -486 .
Greenberg, A., Clesceri, L. S., Eaton, A. D. (1992): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater , ().
Harris, C. I. (1967): Fate of 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides in soil. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 15, 157-162.
Fate of 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides in soil 15 157 162