The properties of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) isolated from a 27-year-old long-term experiment with rice-wheat-cowpea on a Mollisol in northern India were evaluated for elemental composition and functional groups. As compared to fallow, C, H and N decreased, while O increased in the control, but the use of NPK+FYM over the years enhanced the C and N of humic substances. The carboxylic (-COOH) and phenolic-OH groups declined in the control, but improved with NPK+FYM in comparison to fallow. Carboxylic groups (-COOH) contributed about 2–3 times more in HA and 4–5 times more in FA than the respective phenolic-OH groups to the molecular weights of these fractions of soil organic matter. The results suggested the role of integrated nutrient management in maintaining active soil humus over the years.
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