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Fresh water is considered one of the most important factors in expanding the cultivated area. In arid and semi-arid zones, water resources are scarce. Recently many scientists in different countries have concluded that the re-use of wastewater could help to solve water scarcity problems. An additional target is to protect the environment by reducing the pollution load with little or no risk to the plants, groundwater or human health. Therefore, the principal objective of the present study was to demonstrate the economic aspects of re-using secondary treated wastewater in irrigation, in order to make the best use of existing resources. Thus, field trials were established in a rotation of summer and winter crops during the 2000–2002 seasons to evaluate the effect of irrigation with secondary treated wastewater on the yield and quality of field crops compared with canal water. The present study discusses a part of this study, concerning the effect on the yield and quality of lentils and pearl millet. The experimental treatments for both crops were the same in both growing seasons, involving two water irrigation sources (secondary treated wastewater and canal water) and two fertilization treatments (application of recommended rates of chemical fertilizers and control without fertilizer application). The data demonstrated that crops irrigated with secondary treated wastewater performed equally well or significantly better than those irrigated with canal water. Heavy metal concentrations were very low, and had no influence on crop quality, determined as the chemical composition of lentil seeds and the dry forage yield of millet. Animal performance was also taken into consideration. The results indicated that the seed and biological yields of plants given wastewater in the absence of chemical fertilizers were nearly equal to those of plants given the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, indicating that wastewater could provide an adequate amount of N, P and K to cover crop requirements at different growth stages.
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A.O.A.C. (1984): Official Methods of Analysis 12th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington D.C.
'', in Official Methods of Analysis , (1984 ) -.
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Abu-Zaid, M. (2006): Toward an Effective Management of Water Demand in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas (Egyptian Vision) . 2nd International Conf. on Water Resources and Arid Environment, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 26–29 November.
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Aissi, A., Chouker-Allah, R., Elmomari, H., Hamdi, A., Soudi, B. (1997): Impact of irrigation with treated wastewater on infiltration, seepage and uptake on growth of melon ( Cucumis melo L.). CIHEAN International Conference , Valenzano, Bari, 22–26 Sept., pp. 151–170.
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Burt, R. E. (2004): Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual . Soil Survey Investigations. Report No. 42, USDA-NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, 700.
Burt R. E. , '', in Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual , (2004 ) -.
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Cochran, W. G., Cox, G. M. (1968): Experimental Design , 2nd ed . John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Cox G. M. , '', in Experimental Design , (1968 ) -.
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Gomez, K. A., Gomez, A. (1984): Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research , 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Gomez A. , '', in Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research , (1984 ) -.
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Greenberg, A. E., Clesceri, L. S., Eaton, A. D. (eds.) (1992): Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater . 18th APHA, Washington.
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Liang, C., Das, K. C., McClendon, R. W. (2003): The influence of temperature and moisture content regimes on the aerobic microbial activity of a biosolids composting blend. Bioresource Technol. , 86 , 131–13.
McClendon R. W. , 'The influence of temperature and moisture content regimes on the aerobic microbial activity of a biosolids composting blend ' (2003 ) 86 Bioresource Technol. : 131 -13 .
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Nakayama, F. S. (1982): Water analysis and treatment techniques to control emitter plugging. Proc. Irrigation Association Conference , 21–24 February 1982. Portland, Oregon.
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Oron, G., DeMalach, Y., Hoffman, Z., Manor, Y. (1991): Effluent reuse by trickle irrigation. Water Science Technol. , 24 , 103–108.
Manor Y. , 'Effluent reuse by trickle irrigation ' (1991 ) 24 Water Science Technol. : 103 -108 .
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Oron, G., Demolish, Y., Hoffman, Z., Manor, Y. (1992): Effect of effluent quality and application method on agriculture productivity and environment. Water Science Technol. , 26 , 1993–1601.
Manor Y. , 'Effect of effluent quality and application method on agriculture productivity and environment ' (1992 ) 26 Water Science Technol. : 1993 -1601 .
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Palacios, N. P., Pard, O. A. E., Del-Nero, F., Sulos, L. (2000): Legumes for Mediterranean forage crops, pastures and alternative uses. Proceeding of the 10th Meeting of the Mediterranean Sub-Network of the FAO-CHIEAM Interregional Cooperative Res . Cahiers Options Mediter, 45 , 181–185.
Sulos L. , 'Legumes for Mediterranean forage crops, pastures and alternative uses ' (2000 ) 45 Proceeding of the 10th Meeting of the Mediterranean Sub-Network of the FAO-CHIEAM Interregional Cooperative Res. Cahiers Options Mediter : 181 -185 .
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Rowe, D. R., Abdel-Magid, I. M. (1995): Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse . Lewis Pub., US.
Abdel-Magid I. M. , '', in Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse , (1995 ) -.
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Shatanawi, M., Fayyad, M. (1996): Effect of Khirbet As-Samra treated effluent on the quality of irrigation water in central Jordan valley. Water Res. , 30 , 2915–2920.
Fayyad M. , 'Effect of Khirbet As-Samra treated effluent on the quality of irrigation water in central Jordan valley ' (1996 ) 30 Water Res. : 2915 -2920 .
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Singh, B. R., Singh, D. P. (1995): Agronomic and physiological response of sorghum, maize and pearl millet to irrigations. Field Crop Res. , 42 , 57–67.
Singh D. P. , 'Agronomic and physiological response of sorghum, maize and pearl millet to irrigations ' (1995 ) 42 Field Crop Res. : 57 -67 .
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Sudha Bansal, K. K., Kapoor, A. (2000): Vermicomposting of crop residues and cattle dung with Eisenia foetida . Bioresource Technol. , 73 , 95–98.
Kapoor A. , 'Vermicomposting of crop residues and cattle dung with Eisenia foetida ' (2000 ) 73 Bioresource Technol. : 95 -98 .
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Vazquez-Montiel, O. N., Horan, J. D., Mara, D., Angelakis, A., Asno, T. (1996): Management of domestic wastewater for reuse in irrigation. Water Science Technol. , 33 , 355–362.
Asno T. , 'Management of domestic wastewater for reuse in irrigation ' (1996 ) 33 Water Science Technol. : 355 -362 .
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Vyas, A. K., Rai, R. K. (1985): Response of maize, sorghum and pearl millet as forage to varying levels of macronutrients. Indian J. of Agron. , 30 , 527–528.
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WHO (1989): Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Technical Report No. 778 . WHO, Geneva, 74 p.
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WRC (2001): Effluent reuse demonstration trials. Alexandria Effluent and Reuse Study, WRC Report No. AESRS 15 .
| Acta Agronomica Hungarica | |
|---|---|
| Language | English Russian German French |
| Size | |
| Year of Foundation |
1950 |
| Publication Programme |
ceased |
| Volumes per Year |
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| Issues per Year |
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| Founder | Magyar Tudományos Akadémia  |
| Founder's Address |
H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9. |
| Publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó |
| Publisher's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. |
| Responsible Publisher |
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó |
| ISSN | 0238-0161 (Print) |
| ISSN | 1588-2527 (Online) |
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