Acta Agronomica Hungarica
Volume/Issue:
Volume 57: Issue 1
Effect of liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum with inorganic nitrogen on the growth and yield of rice
Authors: R. Thamizh Vendan 1 and M. Thangaraju 2
View More View Less
  • 1 Agricultural College & Research Institute Tnau, Tiruchirappalli India
  • 2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (Tnau) Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.57.2009.1.7
Page Count:
57–65
Publication Date:
01 Mar 2009
Online Publication Date:
09 Jun 2009
Article Category:
Research Article
Restricted access

The nitrogen-fixing rhizobacterium Azospirillum lives in close association with plant roots, where it exerts beneficial effects on the plant growth and yield of many crops of agronomic importance. As carrier-based inoculants have a short shelf life and poor quality, new liquid and cyst formulations of inoculants have been developed and standardized for Azospirillum . In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to study the effect of liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum , combined with inorganic nitrogen, on the growth and yield of rice. Inoculation with the cyst formulation of Azospirillum enhanced the plant height, biomass and N uptake of the plants, the available nitrogen content of the soil and the yield of rice to the greatest extent when compared to carrier-based Azospirillum , followed by the liquid formulation. The results of the present study clearly indicated that the cyst and liquid formulations of Azospirillum could be used as bioinoculants more effectively than the carrier-based one.

  • Bashan, Y., Holguin, G. (1997): Azospirillum -plant relationship: environmental and physiological advances. Can. J. Microbiol. , 43 , 103–121.

    Holguin G. , 'Azospirillum-plant relationship: environmental and physiological advances ' (1997 ) 43 Can. J. Microbiol. : 103 -121.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys, A., Ptacek, D., Vanderleyden, J., Dutto, P., Labendera-Gonzalez, C., Caballero-Mellado, J. (2001): Response of agronomically important crops to inoculation with Azospirillum . Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , 28 , 871–879.

    Caballero-Mellado J. , 'Response of agronomically important crops to inoculation with Azospirillum ' (2001 ) 28 Aust. J. Plant Physiol. : 871 -879.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Dobereiner, J., Day, J. M. (1974): Associative symbiosis in tropical grasses: characterization of microorganisms and nitrogen fixing sites. pp. 518–536. In: Newton, W. E., Nyman, C. J. (eds.), Proc. of the First International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation , Vol. 2. Washington State University Press, Pullman.

    Day J. M. , '', in Proc. of the First International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation, Vol. 2 , (1974 ) -.

  • El-Nagger, A. I., Mohamaud, S. M. (1994): Effects of inoculation with certain Azospirillum strains and nitrogen fertilizers on Narcissus tazetta L. under different soil texture. Assiut J. Agric. Sci. , 25 , 135–151.

    Mohamaud S. M. , 'Effects of inoculation with certain Azospirillum strains and nitrogen fertilizers on Narcissus tazetta L. under different soil texture ' (1994 ) 25 Assiut J. Agric. Sci. : 135 -151.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • FAO (1991): Report of Expert Consultation on Legume Inoculant Production and Quality Control . FAO, Rome, p. 148.

    '', in Report of Expert Consultation on Legume Inoculant Production and Quality Control , (1991 ) -.

  • Fallik, E., Sarig, S., Okon, Y. (1994): Morphology and physiology of plant roots associated with Azospirillum . pp. 77–85. In: Okon, Y. (ed.), Azospirillum /Plant Associations. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Okon Y. , '', in Azospirillum/Plant Associations , (1994 ) -.

  • Hemavathi, M. (1997): Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on growth and productivity of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cv. Local Yellow . M. Sc. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.

    Hemavathi M. , '', in Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on growth and productivity of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cv. Local Yellow , (1997 ) -.

  • Humphries, E. C. (1956): Mineral components and ash analysis. pp. 468–502. In: Peach, K., Tracey, M. V. (eds.) Modern Methods of Plant Analysis , Vol. I Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

    Humphries E. C. , '', in Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, Vol. I , (1956 ) -.

  • Kapulnik, Y., Okon, Y., Henis, Y. (1985): Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation. Can. J. Microbiol. , 31 , 881–887.

    Henis Y. , 'Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation ' (1985 ) 31 Can. J. Microbiol. : 881 -887.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Okon, Y. (1985): Azospirillum as a potential inoculant for agriculture. Trends Biotechnol. , 3 , 223–228.

    Okon Y. , 'Azospirillum as a potential inoculant for agriculture ' (1985 ) 3 Trends Biotechnol. : 223 -228.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Okon, Y. (1994): Azospirillum/ Plant Associations . CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 175 p.

    Okon Y. , '', in Azospirillum/Plant Associations , (1994 ) -.

  • Okon, Y., Kapulnik, Y. (1986): Development and function of Azospirillum inoculated roots. Plant Soil , 90 , 3–16.

    Kapulnik Y. , 'Development and function of Azospirillum inoculated roots ' (1986 ) 90 Plant Soil : 3 -16.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Okon, Y., Labandera-Gonzalez, C. A. (1994): Agronomic applications of Azospirillum : An evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biol. Biochem. , 26 , 1591–1601.

    Labandera-Gonzalez C. A. , 'Agronomic applications of Azospirillum: An evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation ' (1994 ) 26 Soil Biol. Biochem. : 1591 -1601.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Okon, Y., Itzigsohn, R. (1995): The development of Azospirillum as a commercial inoculant for improving crop yields. Biotech. Adv. , 13 , 415–424.

    Itzigsohn R. , 'The development of Azospirillum as a commercial inoculant for improving crop yields ' (1995 ) 13 Biotech. Adv. : 415 -424.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Okon, Y., Vanderleyden, J. (1997): Root associated Azospirillum species can stimulate plants. ASM News , 63 , 366–370.

    Vanderleyden J. , 'Root associated Azospirillum species can stimulate plants ' (1997 ) 63 ASM News : 366 -370.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Panse, V. G., Sukhatme, P. V. (1985): Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers . ICAR Publ., New Delhi.

    Sukhatme P. V. , '', in Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers , (1985 ) -.

  • Rao, J. L. N., Rao, V. R. (1983): Nitrogenase activity in the rice rhizosphere soil as affected by Azospirillum inoculation and fertilizer nitrogen under upland conditions. Curr. Sci. , 52 , 686–688.

    Rao V. R. , 'Nitrogenase activity in the rice rhizosphere soil as affected by Azospirillum inoculation and fertilizer nitrogen under upland conditions ' (1983 ) 52 Curr. Sci. : 686 -688.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Sattar, M. A., Gaur, A. C. (1987): Production of auxins and gibberellins by phosphate dissolving microorganisms. ZBL Microbiol. , 142 , 393–395.

    Gaur A. C. , 'Production of auxins and gibberellins by phosphate dissolving microorganisms ' (1987 ) 142 ZBL Microbiol. : 393 -395.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Saubidet, M. I., Fatta, N., Barneix, A. J. (2002): The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on growth and nitrogen utilization by wheat plants. Plant Soil. , 245 , 215–222.

    Barneix A. J. , 'The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on growth and nitrogen utilization by wheat plants ' (2002 ) 245 Plant Soil. : 215 -222.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Singleton, P. W., Keyser, H. H., Sande, E. S. (2002): Development and evaluation of liquid inoculants. pp. 52–66. In: Herridge, D. (ed.), Inoculants and Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes in Vietnam. ACIAR Proceedings , 109e.

  • Subbiah, B. V., Asija, G. L. (1956): A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. , 25 , 259–260.

    Asija G. L. , 'A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils ' (1956 ) 25 Curr. Sci. : 259 -260.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Thamizh Vendan, R., Subramanian, M. (1999): Yield increase in rice due to biological nitrogen fixation. pp. 432–439. In: Subramanian, M. (ed.), Vistas of Rice . TRRI Publications, Aduthurai.

    Subramanian M. , '', in Vistas of Rice , (1999 ) -.

  • Thamizh Vendan, R., Thangaraju, M. (2006): Development and standardization of liquid formulation for Azospirillum bioinoculants. Indian J. Microbiol. , 46 , 379–387.

    Thangaraju M. , 'Development and standardization of liquid formulation for Azospirillum bioinoculants ' (2006 ) 46 Indian J. Microbiol. : 379 -387.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Thamizh Vendan, R., Thangaraju, M. (2007a): Development and standardization of cyst based liquid formulation of Azospirillum bioinoculant. Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung. , 54 , 167–177.

    Thangaraju M. , 'Development and standardization of cyst based liquid formulation of Azospirillum bioinoculant ' (2007 ) 54 Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung. : 167 -177.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Thamizh Vendan, R., Thangaraju, M. (2007b): Standardization of dosage of liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum for different application methods. Acta Agron. Hung. , 55 , 475–484.

    Thangaraju M. , 'Standardization of dosage of liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum for different application methods ' (2007 ) 55 Acta Agron. Hung. : 475 -484.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Tien, T. M., Gaskins, M. H., Hubbel, D. H. (1979): Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet ( Pennisetum americanum L.). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 37 , 1016–1024.

    Hubbel D. H. , 'Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) ' (1979 ) 37 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. : 1016 -1024.

    • Search Google Scholar
Cover Acta Agronomica Hungarica
Acta Agronomica Hungarica
Print ISSN:
0238-0161
Online ISSN:
1588-2527
Keywords:
Azospirillum ; liquid and cyst formulation; rice growth and yield

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Oct 2020 10 0 0
Nov 2020 11 1 0
Dec 2020 2 0 0
Jan 2021 6 0 0
Feb 2021 0 0 0
Mar 2021 2 0 0
Apr 2021 0 0 0