We compared the haematological and biochemical values within a population of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in the Chafarinas Islands (Northern Africa), in non-breeding (February) and breeding (May) animals. We collected blood samples from 51 adults. We found that according to the haematological data, there was a significant variation in haemoglobin content, and a higher proportion of heterophils, thrombocytes, and Haemoproteus infection in breeding individuals with a lower level in basophils. Blood biochemistry showed a higher level in plasmatic proteins, calcium, phosphorus, thiobarbituric acidreactive substances and alkaline phosphatase as well as alanine aminotransferase activity in breeding animals while cholesterol and phospholipid levels showed a lower level. There was also a sexual difference in triglycerides, albumin, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and alkaline phosphatase activity. Hence, the haematological and blood chemistry values of yellow-legged gulls showed some differences between breeding and non-breeding individuals as well as between sexes.
Aguilera, E., Moreno, J., Ferrer, M. (1993) Blood chemistry values in three Pygoscelis penguins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 105, 471–473.
Ferrer M. , 'Blood chemistry values in three Pygoscelis penguins ' (1993 ) 105 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 471 -473 .
Alonso-Alvarez, C., Ferrer, M. (2001) A biochemical study of fasting, subfeeding, and recovery processes in yellow-legged gulls. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74, 703–713.
Ferrer M. , 'A biochemical study of fasting, subfeeding, and recovery processes in yellow-legged gulls ' (2001 ) 74 Physiol. Biochem. Zool. : 703 -713 .
Alonso-Alvarez, C. (2005) Age-dependent changes in plasma biochemistry of yellow-legged gulls (Larus cachinnans). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 140, 512–518.
Alonso-Alvarez C. , 'Age-dependent changes in plasma biochemistry of yellow-legged gulls (Larus cachinnans) ' (2005 ) 140 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 512 -518 .
Alonso-Alvarez, C., Ferrer, M., Velando, A. (2002) The plasmatic index of body condition in yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans): a food-controlled experiment. Ibis 144, 147–150.
Velando A. , 'The plasmatic index of body condition in yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans): a food-controlled experiment ' (2002 ) 144 Ibis : 147 -150 .
Alonso-Alvarez, C., Perez, C., Velando, A. (2007) Effects of acute exposure to heavy fuel oil from Prestige spill on a seabird. Aquat. Toxicol. 84, 103–110.
Velando A. , 'Effects of acute exposure to heavy fuel oil from Prestige spill on a seabird ' (2007 ) 84 Aquat. Toxicol. : 103 -110 .
Averbeck, C. (1992) Haematology and blood chemistry of healthy and clinically abnormal great black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus). Avian Pathol. 21, 215–223.
Averbeck C. , 'Haematology and blood chemistry of healthy and clinically abnormal great black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus) ' (1992 ) 21 Avian Pathol. : 215 -223 .
Bertram, E. M. (1998) Characterization of duck thrombocytes. Res. Vet. Sci. 64, 267–270.
Bertram E. M. , 'Characterization of duck thrombocytes ' (1998 ) 64 Res. Vet. Sci. : 267 -270 .
Campbell, T. W. (1988) Avian Hematology and Citology. University Press, Ames Iowa State.
Campbell T. W. , '', in Avian Hematology and Citology , (1988 ) -.
Carlson, H. C., Sweeney, P. R., Tokaryk, J. M. (1968) Demonstration of phagocytic and trephocytic activities of chicken thrombocytes by microscopy and vital staining techniques. Avian Dis. 12, 700–715.
Tokaryk J. M. , 'Demonstration of phagocytic and trephocytic activities of chicken thrombocytes by microscopy and vital staining techniques ' (1968 ) 12 Avian Dis. : 700 -715 .
Claver, J. A. (2005) El trombocito aviar. In. Vet. 7, 139–146.
Claver J. A. , 'El trombocito aviar ' (2005 ) 7 In. Vet. : 139 -146 .
Da Matta, R. A., Seabra, S. H., De Souza, W. (1998) Further studies on the phagocytic capacity of chicken thrombocytes. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 30, 271–277.
Souza W. , 'Further studies on the phagocytic capacity of chicken thrombocytes ' (1998 ) 30 J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. : 271 -277 .
Dawson, A. (2000) Mechanisms of endocrine disruption with particular reference to occurrence in avian wildlife: A review. Ecotoxicology 9, 59–69.
Dawson A. , 'Mechanisms of endocrine disruption with particular reference to occurrence in avian wildlife: A review ' (2000 ) 9 Ecotoxicology : 59 -69 .
De le Court, C., Aguilera, E., Recio, F. (1995) Plasma chemistry values of free-living white spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 112, 137–141.
Recio F. , 'Plasma chemistry values of free-living white spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia) ' (1995 ) 112 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 137 -141 .
Deerenberg, C., Apanius, V., Daan, S., Bos, N. (1997) Reproductive effort decreases antibody responsiveness. Proc. R. Soc. 264, 1021–1029.
Bos N. , 'Reproductive effort decreases antibody responsiveness ' (1997 ) 264 Proc. R. Soc. : 1021 -1029 .
Edwards, D. B., Mallory, M. L., Forbes, M. R. (2006) Variation in baseline haematology of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in the Canadian High Arctic. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 14, 206–209.
Forbes M. R. , 'Variation in baseline haematology of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in the Canadian High Arctic ' (2006 ) 14 Comp. Clin. Pathol. : 206 -209 .
Fair, J., Whitaker, S., Pearson, B. (2007) Sources of variation in haematocrit in birds. Ibis 149, 535–552.
Pearson B. , 'Sources of variation in haematocrit in birds ' (2007 ) 149 Ibis : 535 -552 .
Gee, G. F., Carpenter, J. W., Hensler, B. L. (1981) Species differences in haematological values of captive cranes, geese, raptors and quail. J. Wildlife Manage 45, 463–483.
Hensler B. L. , 'Species differences in haematological values of captive cranes, geese, raptors and quail ' (1981 ) 45 J. Wildlife Manage : 463 -483 .
Ghebremeskel, K., Williams, T. D., Williams, G., Gardner, D. A., Crawford, M. A. (1992) Dynamics of plasma nutrients and metabolites in moulting macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101, 301–307.
Crawford M. A. , 'Dynamics of plasma nutrients and metabolites in moulting macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins ' (1992 ) 101 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 301 -307 .
Glick, B., Sato, K., Cohenour, F. (1964) Comparison of the phagocytic ability of normal and bursectomized birds. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1, 442–449.
Cohenour F. , 'Comparison of the phagocytic ability of normal and bursectomized birds ' (1964 ) 1 J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. : 442 -449 .
Gross, W. B., Siegel, H. S. (1983) Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis. 27, 972–979.
Siegel H. S. , 'Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens ' (1983 ) 27 Avian Dis. : 972 -979 .
Hazelhood, R. L. (1986) Carbohydrate metabolism. In: Sturkie, P. D. (ed.) Avian Physiology. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 303–325.
Hazelhood R. L. , '', in Avian Physiology , (1986 ) -.
Jeffrey, D. A., Peakall, D. B., Miller, D. S., Herzberg, G. R. (1985) Blood chemistry changes in fooddeprived herring gulls. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81, 911–913.
Herzberg G. R. , 'Blood chemistry changes in fooddeprived herring gulls ' (1985 ) 81 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 911 -913 .
Johnson, A. L. (1986) Reproduction in the female. In: Sturkie, P. D. (ed.) Avian Physiology. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 407–431.
Johnson A. L. , '', in Avian Physiology , (1986 ) -.
Lam, K. M. (1997) Activation, adhesion, migration and death of chicken thrombocytes. Comp. Haematol. Int. 1, 81–87.
Lam K. M. , 'Activation, adhesion, migration and death of chicken thrombocytes ' (1997 ) 1 Comp. Haematol. Int. : 81 -87 .
Leonard, J. L. (1982) Clinical laboratory examinations. In: Petrak, M. L. (ed.) Diseases of Cage and Aviary Bird. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 269–303.
Leonard J. L. , '', in Diseases of Cage and Aviary Bird , (1982 ) -.
Lumeij, J. T.(1994) Avian clinical enzymology. Semin. Avian. Exot. Pet 3, 14–24.
Lumeij J. T. , 'Avian clinical enzymology ' (1994 ) 3 Semin. Avian. Exot. Pet : 14 -24 .
Mostaghni, K., Badiei, K., Fazeli, A. (2005) Haematological and biochemical parameters and the serum concentrations of phosphorus, lead, cadmium and chromium in flamingo (Phoenicopterus rubber) and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) in Iran. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 14, 146–148.
Fazeli A. , 'Haematological and biochemical parameters and the serum concentrations of phosphorus, lead, cadmium and chromium in flamingo (Phoenicopterus rubber) and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) in Iran ' (2005 ) 14 Comp. Clin. Pathol. : 146 -148 .
Natt, M. P., Herrick, C. A. (1952) A new blood diluent for counting the erythrocytes and leukocytes of the chicken. Poult. Sci. 31, 735–738.
Herrick C. A. , 'A new blood diluent for counting the erythrocytes and leukocytes of the chicken ' (1952 ) 31 Poult. Sci. : 735 -738 .
Okhawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yogi, K. (1979) Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analyt. Biochem. 95, 351–354.
Yogi K. , 'Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction ' (1979 ) 95 Analyt. Biochem. : 351 -354 .
Reznick, D., Nunney, L., Tessier, A. (2000) Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15, 421–425.
Tessier A. , 'Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction ' (2000 ) 15 Trends Ecol. Evol. : 421 -425 .
Rosa, C. D., Rosa, R., Rodrigues, E., Bacila, M. (1993) Blood constituents and electrophoretic patterns in Antarctic birds: penguins and skuas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 104, 117–123.
Bacila M. , 'Blood constituents and electrophoretic patterns in Antarctic birds: penguins and skuas ' (1993 ) 104 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 117 -123 .
Ruiz, X., Oro, D., Gonzalez-Solís, J. (1995) Incidence of a Haemoproteus lari parasitemia in a threatened gull: Larus audouinii. Ornis Fennica 72, 159–164.
Gonzalez-Solís J. , 'Incidence of a Haemoproteus lari parasitemia in a threatened gull: Larus audouinii ' (1995 ) 72 Ornis Fennica : 159 -164 .
Shave, H. (1986) Clinical pathology. In: Fowler, M. E. (ed.) Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. Saunders, St. Louis, MO, pp. 357–363.
Shave H. , '', in Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine , (1986 ) -.
Sturkie, P. D. (1986) Body fluids: Blood. In: Sturkie, P. D. (ed.) Avian Physiology. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 102–120.
Sturkie P. D. , '', in Avian Physiology , (1986 ) -.
Van Wyk, E., van der Bank, H., Verdoorn, G. H. (1998) Dynamics of haematology and blood biochemistry in free-living African whitebacked vulture (Pseudogyps africanus) nestlings. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 120, 495–508.
Verdoorn G. H. , 'Dynamics of haematology and blood biochemistry in free-living African whitebacked vulture (Pseudogyps africanus) nestlings ' (1998 ) 120 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 495 -508 .
Villouta, G., Hargreaves, R., Riveros, V. (1997) Haematological and clinical biochemistry findings in captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Avian Pathol. 26, 851–858.
Riveros V. , 'Haematological and clinical biochemistry findings in captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) ' (1997 ) 26 Avian Pathol. : 851 -858 .
Viñuela, J. M., Ferrer, M., Recio, F. (1991) Age-related variations in plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in chicks of two species of raptors. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 99, 49–54.
Recio F. , 'Age-related variations in plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in chicks of two species of raptors ' (1991 ) 99 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 49 -54 .
Vleck, C. M., Vertalino, N., Vleck, D., Bucher, T. L. (2000) Stress, corticosterone, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in free-living Adélie penguins. Condor 102, 392–400.
Bucher T. L. , 'Stress, corticosterone, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in free-living Adélie penguins ' (2000 ) 102 Condor : 392 -400 .
Wolf, S. H., Schreiber, R. W., Kahan, L., Torres, J. J. (1985) Seasonal, sexual and age-related variation in the blood composition of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82, 837–846.
Torres J. J. , 'Seasonal, sexual and age-related variation in the blood composition of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) ' (1985 ) 82 Comp. Biochem. Physiol. : 837 -846 .
Zinkl, J. G. (1986) Avian Hematology. In: Jain, N. C. (ed.) Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 256–274.
Zinkl J. G. , '', in Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology , (1986 ) -.