Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 11 morphometric body measurements of the hybrids of silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) including body weight (BW), standard length (SL), body depth (BD), body thickness (BT), head length (HL), head depth (HD), length of ventral keel (LVK), length of pectoral fin (Lpec), length of pelvic fin (Lpel), length of caudal fin (Lcau) and space between pectoral and pelvic fins (SPP) were located on the sex average microsatellite linkage map constructed using the hybrids of a female bighead and a male silver carp, on which 15 microsatellites were newly mapped. One locus was found to be responsible for BW, LV K and SPP, respectively. As many as 6 loci were found to be responsible for HD. The variances of remaining traits were partitioned by different numbers of loci varying between 2 and 5. The variance explained each locus ranged from 9.1% to 23.8% of the total. The variance explained by all loci responsible for each measurement ranged from 17.7% to 75.1%. It was noted that multiple measurements were mapped on the same locus. For example, a region bounded by Hym435 and Hym145 was found to be responsible for all the measurements analyzed.
Alfaqih, M. A., Brunelli, J. P., Drew, R. E., Thorgaard, G. H. (2009) Mapping of five candidate sex-determining loci in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Genetics 10, 2.
Thorgaard G. H. , 'Mapping of five candidate sex-determining loci in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ' (2009 ) 10 BMC Genetics : 2 -.
Atwell, S., Huang, Y. S., Vilhjalmsson, B. J., Willems, G., Horton, M., Li, Y., Meng, D., Platt, A., Tarone, A. M., Hu, T. T., Jiang, R., Muliyati, N. W., Zhang, X., Amer, M. A., Baxter, I., Brachi, B., Chory, J., Dean, C., Debieu, M., de Meaux, J., Ecker, J. R., Faure, N., Kniskern, J. M., Jones, J. D. G., Michael, T., Nemri, A., Roux, F., Salt, D. E., Tang, C., Todesco, M., Traw, M. B., Weigel, D., Marjoram, P., Borevitz, J. O., Bergelson, J., Nordborg, M. (2010) Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines. Nature 465, 627–631.
Nordborg M. , 'Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines ' (2010 ) 465 Nature : 627 -631 .
Baerwald, M. R., Petersen, J. L., Hedrick, R. P., Schisler, G. J., May, B. (2011) A major effect quantitative trait locus for whirling disease resistance identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Heredity 106, 920–926.
May B. , 'A major effect quantitative trait locus for whirling disease resistance identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ' (2011 ) 106 Heredity : 920 -926 .
Baird, N. A., Etter, P. D., Atwood, T. S., Currey, M. C., Shiver, A. L., Lewis, Z. A., Selker, E. U., Cresko, W. A., Johnson, E. A. (2008) Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS One 3, e3376.
Johnson E. A. , 'Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers ' (2008 ) 3 PLoS One : e3376 -.
Baranski, M., Moen, T., Vage, D. A. (2010) Mapping of quantitative trait loci for flesh color and growth traits in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Genetics Selection Evolution 42, 17.
Vage D. A. , 'Mapping of quantitative trait loci for flesh color and growth traits in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ' (2010 ) 42 Genetics Selection Evolution : 17 -.
Barroso, R. M., Wheeler, P. A., LaPatra, S. E., Drew, R. E., Thorgaard, G. H. (2008) QTL for IHNV resistance and growth identified in a rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss)×Yellowstone cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) trout cross. Aquaculture 277, 156–163.
Thorgaard G. H. , 'QTL for IHNV resistance and growth identified in a rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss)×Yellowstone cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) trout cross ' (2008 ) 277 Aquaculture : 156 -163 .
Bassam, B. J., Caetano, A. G., Gressho, P. M. (1991) Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 196, 80–83.
Gressho P. M. , 'Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels ' (1991 ) 196 Anal. Biochem. : 80 -83 .
Boulton, K., Massaul, C., Houston, R. D., de Koning, D. J., Haley, C. S., Bovenhuis, H., Batargias, C., Canario, A. V. M., Kotoulas, G., Tsigenopoulos, C. S. (2011) QTL affecting morphometric traits and stress response in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture 319, 58–66.
Tsigenopoulos C. S. , 'QTL affecting morphometric traits and stress response in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) ' (2011 ) 319 Aquaculture : 58 -66 .
Cnaani, A., Hallerman, E. M., Ron, M., Weller, J. I., Indelman, M., Kashi, Y., Gell, G. A. E., Hulata, G. (2003) Detection of a chromosomal region with two quantitative trait loci, affecting cold tolerance and fish size, in an F2 tilapia hybrid. Aquaculture 223, 117–128.
Hulata G. , 'Detection of a chromosomal region with two quantitative trait loci, affecting cold tolerance and fish size, in an F2 tilapia hybrid ' (2003 ) 223 Aquaculture : 117 -128 .
De Almeida-Toledo, L. F., Bigoni, A. P. V., Bernardino, G., Filho, S. D. A. T. (1995) Chromosomal location of Nors and C bands in F1 hybrids of bighead carp and silver carp reared in Brazil. Aquaculture 135, 277–284.
Filho S. D. A. T. , 'Chromosomal location of Nors and C bands in F1 hybrids of bighead carp and silver carp reared in Brazil ' (1995 ) 135 Aquaculture : 277 -284 .
FAO (2012) Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2010. FAO, Rome, Italy.
'', in Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2010 , (2012 ) -.
Glenn, T. C. (2011) Field guide to next-generation DNA sequencers. Molecular Ecology Resources 11, 759–769.
Glenn T. C. , 'Field guide to next-generation DNA sequencers ' (2011 ) 11 Molecular Ecology Resources : 759 -769 .
Grattapaglia, D., Sederoff, R. (1994) Genetic linkage maps of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla using a pseudo-testcross: mapping strategy and RAPD markers. Genetics 137, 1121–1137.
Sederoff R. , 'Genetic linkage maps of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla using a pseudo-testcross: mapping strategy and RAPD markers ' (1994 ) 137 Genetics : 1121 -1137 .
Green, B. W., Smitherman, R. O. (1984) Relative growth, survival and harvestability of bighead carp, silver carp, and their reciprocal hybrids. Aquaculture 37, 87–95.
Smitherman R. O. , 'Relative growth, survival and harvestability of bighead carp, silver carp, and their reciprocal hybrids ' (1984 ) 37 Aquaculture : 87 -95 .
Guo, S., Zou, G., Yang, G. (2009) Development of microsatellite DNA markers of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their cross-species application in black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Conservation Genetics 10, 1515–1519.
Yang G. , 'Development of microsatellite DNA markers of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their cross-species application in black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) ' (2009 ) 10 Conservation Genetics : 1515 -1519 .
Huang, X., Wei, X., Sang, T., Zhao, Q., Feng, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, C., Zhu, C., Lu, T., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Fan, D., Guo, Y., Wang, A., Wang, L., Deng, L., Li, W., Lu, Y., Weng, Q., Liu, K., Huang, T., Zhou, T., Jing, Y., Li, W., Lin, Z., Buckler, E. S., Qian, Q., Zhang, Q., Li, J., Han, B. (2010) Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces. Nature Genetics 42, 961–967.
Han B. , 'Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces ' (2010 ) 42 Nature Genetics : 961 -967 .
Hulata, G. (1995) A review of genetic improvement of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and other cyprinids by cross breeding, hybridization and selection. Aquaculture 129, 143–155.
Hulata G. , 'A review of genetic improvement of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and other cyprinids by cross breeding, hybridization and selection ' (1995 ) 129 Aquaculture : 143 -155 .
Issa, M. A., Horvath, L., Kosba, M. A., Sharrabi, M. (1986) A note on the survival, growth, feed conversion and some morphological characters of the reciprocal hybrids of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) raised in polyculture. Aquaculture Hungarica 5, 7–14.
Sharrabi M. , 'A note on the survival, growth, feed conversion and some morphological characters of the reciprocal hybrids of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) raised in polyculture ' (1986 ) 5 Aquaculture Hungarica : 7 -14 .
Jansen, R. C. (1993) Interval mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci. Genetics 135, 205–211.
Jansen R. C. , 'Interval mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci ' (1993 ) 135 Genetics : 205 -211 .
Kolar, C. S., Chapman, D. C., Courtenay, W. R. Jr., Housel, C. M., Williams, J. D., Jennings, D. P. (2005) Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) — A Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service per Interagency Agreement 94400-3-0128.
Li, S., Fang, F. (1990) On the geographical distribution of the four kinds of pond-cultured carps in China. Acta Zoologica Sinica 36, 244–250.
Fang F. , 'On the geographical distribution of the four kinds of pond-cultured carps in China ' (1990 ) 36 Acta Zoologica Sinica : 244 -250 .
Li, S. F. (2003) Aquaculture research and its relation to development in China. In: Gardiner, P. R. (ed.) Agricultural Development and the Opportunities for Aquatic Resources Research in China. World Fish Center, Malaysia, pp. 17–28.
Li S. F. , '', in Agricultural Development and the Opportunities for Aquatic Resources Research in China , (2003 ) -.
Liao, M., Zhang, L., Yang, G., Zhu, M., Wang, D., Wei, Q., Zou, G., Chen, D. (2007) Development of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) genetic maps using microsatellite and AFLP markers and a pseudo-testcross strategy. Animal Genetics 38, 364–370.
Chen D. , 'Development of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) genetic maps using microsatellite and AFLP markers and a pseudo-testcross strategy ' (2007 ) 38 Animal Genetics : 364 -370 .
Liu, S. P., Qiu, S. L., Chen, D. Q., Huang, M. G. (1997) Protection and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River system. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley6, 127–131 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang M. G. , 'Protection and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River system ' (1997 ) 6 Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley : 127 -131 .
Loukovitis, D., Sarropoulou, E., Tsigenopoulos, C. S., Batargias, C., Magoulas, A., Apostolidis, A. P., Chatziplis, D., Kotoulas, G. (2011) Quantitative trait loci involved in sex determination and body growth in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) through targeted genome scan. PloS One 6, e16599.
Kotoulas G. , 'Quantitative trait loci involved in sex determination and body growth in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) through targeted genome scan ' (2011 ) 6 PloS One : e16599 -.
Mia, M. Y., Taggart, J. B., Gilmour, A. E., Gheyas, A. A., Das, T. K., Kohinoor, A. H. M., Rahman, A. A., Sattar, M. A., Hussain, M. G., Mazid, M. A., Penman, D. J., McAndrew, B. J. (2005) Detection of hybridization between Chinese carp species (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis) in hatchery broodstock in Bangladesh using DNA microsatellite loci. Aquaculture 247, 267–273.
McAndrew B. J. , 'Detection of hybridization between Chinese carp species (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis) in hatchery broodstock in Bangladesh using DNA microsatellite loci ' (2005 ) 247 Aquaculture : 267 -273 .
Ozaki, A., Okamoto, H., Yamada, T., Matuyama, T., Sakai, T., Fuji, K., Sakamoto, T., Okamoto, N., Yoshida, K., Hatori, K., Araki, K., Okauchi, M. (2010) Linkage analysis of resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture 308, S62–S67.
Okauchi M. , 'Linkage analysis of resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) ' (2010 ) 308 Aquaculture : S62 -S67 .
Piechel, C. L., Ross, J. A., Matson, C. K., Dickson, M., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Myers, R. M., Mori, S., Schluter, D., Kingsley, D. M. (2004) The master sex-determination locus in threespine sticklebacks is on a nascent Y chromosome. Current Biology 14, 1416–1424.
Kingsley D. M. , 'The master sex-determination locus in threespine sticklebacks is on a nascent Y chromosome ' (2004 ) 14 Current Biology : 1416 -1424 .
Rodríguez-Ramilo, S. T., Toro, M. A., Bouza, C., Hermida, M., Pardo, B. G., Cabaleiro, S., Martínez, P., Fernández, J. (2011) QTL detection for Aeromonas salmonicida resistance related traits in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). BMC Genomics 12, 541.
Fernández J. , 'QTL detection for Aeromonas salmonicida resistance related traits in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) ' (2011 ) 12 BMC Genomics : 541 -.
Schofield, P. J., Williams, J. D., Nico, L. G., Fuller, P., Thomas, M. R. (2005) Foreign nonindigenous carps and minnows (Cyprinidae) in the United States — A guide to their identification, distribution, and Biology: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5041.
Shapiro, M. D., Marks, M. E., Peichel, C. L., Blackman, B. K., Nereng, K. S., Jónsson, B., Schluter, D., Kingsley, D. M. (2004) Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks. Nature 428, 717–723.
Kingsley D. M. , 'Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks ' (2004 ) 428 Nature : 717 -723 .
Shi, W. G., Zhang, M. Y., Liu, K., Xu, D. P., Duan, J. R. (2009) Stress of hydraulic engineering on fisheries in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and compensation. Journal of Lake Sciences21, 10–20 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Duan J. R. , 'Stress of hydraulic engineering on fisheries in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and compensation ' (2009 ) 21 Journal of Lake Sciences : 10 -20 .
Sun, X., Liang, L. (2004) A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and mapping of a locus associate with cold tolerance. Aquaculture 238, 165–172.
Liang L. , 'A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and mapping of a locus associate with cold tolerance ' (2004 ) 238 Aquaculture : 165 -172 .
Taggart, J. B., Hynes, R. A., Prodouhl, P. A., Ferguson, A. (1992) A simplified protocol for routine total DNA isolation from salmonid fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 40, 963–965.
Ferguson A. , 'A simplified protocol for routine total DNA isolation from salmonid fishes ' (1992 ) 40 Journal of Fish Biology : 963 -965 .
Van Ooijen, J. W., Voorrips, R. E. (2001) JoinMap: Software for the Calculation of Genetic Linkage Maps, Version 3.0. Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Voorrips R. E. , '', in JoinMap: Software for the Calculation of Genetic Linkage Maps, Version 3.0 , (2001 ) -.
Van Ooijen, J. W. (2004) MapQTL Version 5.0: Software for the Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Experimental Populations. Plant Research Int., Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Ooijen J. W. , '', in MapQTL Version 5.0: Software for the Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Experimental Populations , (2004 ) -.
Vasemägi, A., Gross, R., Palm, D., Paaver, T., Primmer, C. R. (2010) Discovery and application of insertion-deletion (INDEL) polymorphisms for QTL mapping of early life-history traits in Atlantic salmon. BMC Genomics 11, 156.
Primmer C. R. , 'Discovery and application of insertion-deletion (INDEL) polymorphisms for QTL mapping of early life-history traits in Atlantic salmon ' (2010 ) 11 BMC Genomics : 156 -.
Voorrips, R. E. (2002) MapChart: software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. J. Hered. 93, 77–78.
Voorrips R. E. , 'MapChart: software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs ' (2002 ) 93 J. Hered. : 77 -78 .
Wang, C. M., Lo, L. C., Zhu, Z. Y., Pang, H. Y., Liu, H. M., Tan, J., Lim, H. S., Chou, R., Orban, L., Yue, G. H. (2011) Mapping QTL for an adaptive trait: The length of caudal fin in Lates calcarifer. Mar. Biotechnol. 13, 74–82.
Yue G. H. , 'Mapping QTL for an adaptive trait: The length of caudal fin in Lates calcarifer ' (2011 ) 13 Mar. Biotechnol. : 74 -82 .
Wright, D., Nakamichi, R., Krause, J., Butlin, R. K. (2006) QTL analysis of behavioral and morphological differentiation between wild and laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behavior. Genetics 36, 271–284.
Butlin R. K. , 'QTL analysis of behavioral and morphological differentiation between wild and laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) ' (2006 ) 36 Behavior. Genetics : 271 -284 .
Wringe, B. F., Devlin, R. H., Ferguson, M. M., Moghadam, H. K., Sakhrani, D., Danzmann, R. G. (2010) Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Genetics 11, 63.
Danzmann R. G. , 'Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ' (2010 ) 11 BMC Genetics : 63 -.
Xia, J., Liu, F., Zhu, Y., Fu, J., Feng, J., Li, J., Yue, G. (2010) A consensus linkage map of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) based on microsatellites and SNPs. BMC Genomics 11, 135–145.
Yue G. , 'A consensus linkage map of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) based on microsatellites and SNPs ' (2010 ) 11 BMC Genomics : 135 -145 .
Yi, B. L. (1988) Gezhouba Dam Water Conservancy Pivot and Four Pond-Cultured Chinese Carps Inhabiting Yangtze River Basin. Provincial Science and Technology Press of Hubei, Wuhan, China (in Chinese).
Yi B. L. , '', in Gezhouba Dam Water Conservancy Pivot and Four Pond-Cultured Chinese Carps Inhabiting Yangtze River Basin , (1988 ) -.
Zhang, L., Yang, G., Guo, S., Wei, Q., Zou, G. (2010) Construction of a genetic linkage map for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Animal Genetics 41, 523–530.
Zou G. , 'Construction of a genetic linkage map for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ' (2010 ) 41 Animal Genetics : 523 -530 .
Zhang, Y., Xu, P., Lu, C., Kuang, Y., Zhang, X., Cao, D., Li, C., Chang, Y, Hou, N., Li, H., Wan, S., Sun, X. (2011). Genetic linkage mapping and analysis of muscle fiber-related QTLs in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Mar. Biotechnol. 13, 376–392.
Sun X. , 'Genetic linkage mapping and analysis of muscle fiber-related QTLs in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L ' (2011 ) 13 Mar. Biotechnol. : 376 -392 .
Zimmerman, A. M., Wheeler, P. A., Ristow, S. S. (2005) Composite interval mapping reveals three QTL associated with pyloric caeca number in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 247, 85–95.
Ristow S. S. , 'Composite interval mapping reveals three QTL associated with pyloric caeca number in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ' (2005 ) 247 Aquaculture : 85 -95 .
Zhu, X. D., Geng, B., Li, J., Sun, X. W. (2007) Analysis of genetic diversity among silver carp populations in the middle and lower Yangtse River using thirty microsatellite markers. Hereditas (Beijing) 29, 705–713 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun X. W. , 'Analysis of genetic diversity among silver carp populations in the middle and lower Yangtse River using thirty microsatellite markers ' (2007 ) 29 Hereditas (Beijing) : 705 -713 .