Erhard Eylmann founder of Ethnology in Australia . Life and history of Erhard Eylmann (1860–1926) and his travels and studies in Australia, includes listing by tribe of his anthropological work — Naryngeri, Diäri, Lurritja, Aranda, etc. during his fieldwork 1896–1900 and later. He gives details of the natives, e.g. physical appearance, anthropometry, language-polysyllabic — details of grammar, sign language — meanings — smoke signals, details of ritual and non-ritual mutilations, tooth avulsion, medicine means, tongue operation, sex rituals and behaviour, social organisation, population density, totemism, age grouping, etc. Later Eylmann spent a long study on begging in South Australia and some studies on firemaking. In 1908 he published his fundamental book on Australian anthropology “The Natives on the Colony of South Australia” (in German). There is no doubt that Eylmann is a singular scientist such as Gillen and Spencer.