Authors:
Madis Rennu University of Tartu, Viljandi Culture Academy, Estonia

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Andres Rõigas University of Tartu, Viljandi Culture Academy, Estonia

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Lii Araste University of Tartu, Viljandi Culture Academy, Estonia

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Abstract

New ecovillage communities, and individuals who simply move from the towns to the countryside in Estonia, are inspired by a desire to be involved in heritage preservation, local customs, and traditional skills. Ecovillages are keen to attract people who are skilled in various traditional handicrafts, while craftspeople, in turn, may encounter fewer problems finding the facilities and raw materials needed to practice their crafts on moving to the countryside. The present paper focuses on activities in five new rural communities from the perspective of craftspeople. We asked them to describe their initial incentives for establishing and joining the respective communities, and the directions of their joint activities. We documented a significant diversity among the five communities. Some were self-evolved, while others had been deliberately established. Some communities had local roots, while others were spearheaded from elsewhere. Some of the communities sought idyllic landscapes and indigenous culture, social life, and friendship, while others valued the region's economic potential. We found highly skilled niche producers in excellently equipped workshops who were involved in so-called content-focused activities in various manor estate buildings renovated with the help of European Union funds, as well as those starting from scratch on principle. Community representatives included those striving for the greatest possible economic independence and minimal ecological footprint, as well as those looking for opportunities to recreate the kind of farming life typical of last century, based on work carried out by people and horses — and, across almost all groups, people with a keen interest in a wide variety of handicraft skills from the past. We also observed other, personal motivations and experiences among our respondents — for example, how they had been invited there, what supported their move, and what they found problematic. We were interested in the present state of affairs: how the community contributes to their new skills and practices; how the new community and other local inhabitants manage communication networks; and how they see themselves and their way of life in their new home. We were keen to find out whether the symbiosis of local nature, old values and skills, and innovative and fresh practical solutions will prove sustainable in the long term.

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  • FM Parmu I = Joint interview by Madis Rennu and Andres Rõigas with members of the Parmu ecovillage: wood sculptor Andres Rattasepp and teacher Jandra Möldre in February 2019 in Sooblase village in Valga municipality.

  • FM Karula I = Joint interview by the authors of the present paper with Karula ceramist/geologist Marko Puksing and sheep breeder Lilian Freiberg in Karula, Kaika village, February 2019.

  • FM Karula II = Joint interview by the authors of the present paper with a former mayor of Karula municipality, Rain Ruusa, in February 2019 at Antsla Commune Administration House.

  • FM Karula III = Skype interview by Madis Rennu with Karula ceramist/geologist Marko Puksing and sheep breeder Lilian Freiberg in April 2021.

  • FM Mooste I = Joint interview by the authors of the present paper with Mooste Wool and Leather Workshop craftspeople Nils-Naatan Kaivo and Tuuli Ermel in March 2019 at Mooste manor.

  • FM Sänna I = Joint interview by the authors of the present paper with Hendrik Noor, the founder and spearhead of Sänna Culture Manor, in April 2019 at Sänna manor in Rõuge municipality.

  • FM Mooste II= Joint interview by the authors of the present paper with Ülo Needo, former mayor of Mooste municipality, in April 2019 at Mooste Commune Administration House.

  • FM Mauri I = Joint interview by Madis Rennu and Andres Rõigas with Marit Külv, a member of Maur Kin’s Domains (Eco) Village and a textile student at the Handicrafts Department of Viljandi Culture Academy in April 2019 at Viljandi CA.

  • FM Mauri II = Interview by Madis Rennu via e-mail and phone with Marit Külv, a member of Maur Kin’s Domains (Eco) Village and a textile student at the Handicrafts Department of Viljandi Culture Academy in April 2021.

  • FM Mõisamaa = Joint interview by Madis Rennu and Andres Rõigas with Liina Järviste and Merili Simmer, founding members of the eco-community “Väike Jalajälg” (Small Footprint) located in Mõisamaa village, Märjamaa municipality, on July 18, 2019, in Mõisamaa.

  • FM Nedsaja = Interview by Madis Rennu with members of Nedsaja village, Toomas Valk and Meel Valk, in April 2019 in Nedsaja village, Setomaa municipality.

  • Recordings of all the interviews conducted and memos of telephone conversations, partial transcriptions of the recordings, and other relevant notes are in the possession of the authors of the present paper.

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Senior Editors

Editor-in-Chief: Ágnes FÜLEMILE
Associate editors: Fruzsina CSEH;
Zsuzsanna CSELÉNYI

Review Editors: Csaba MÉSZÁROS; Katalin VARGHA

Editorial Board
  • Balázs BALOGH (Institute of Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities)
  • Elek BARTHA (University of Debrecen)
  • Balázs BORSOS (Institute of Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities)
  • Miklós CSERI (Hungarian Open Air Museum, the Skanzen of Szentendre)
  • Lajos KEMECSI (Museum of Ethnography)
  • László KÓSA (Eötvös University, Budapest)
  • lldikó LANDGRAF (Institute of Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities)
  • Tamás MOHAY (Eötvös University, Budapest)
  • László MÓD (University of Szeged)
  • Attila PALÁDI-KOVÁCS (Institute of Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities and Eötvös University, Budapest)
  • Gábor VARGYAS (Institute of Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities and University of Pécs)
  • Vilmos VOIGT (Eötvös University, Budapest)
Advisory Board
  • Marta BOTÍKOVÁ (Bratislava, Slovakia)
  • Daniel DRASCEK (Regensburg, Germany)
  • Dagnoslaw DEMSKI (Warsaw, Poland)
  • Ingrid SLAVEC GRADIŠNIK (Ljubljana, Slovenia)
  • Dmitriy A. FUNK (Moscow, Russia)
  • Chris HANN (Halle, Germany)
  • Krista HARPER (Amherst, MA USA)
  • Anya PETERSON ROYCE (Bloomington, IN USA)
  • Ferenc POZSONY (Cluj, Romania)
  • Helena RUOTSALA (Turku, Finland)
  • Mary N. TAYLOR (New York, NY USA)
  • András ZEMPLÉNI (Paris, France)

Further credits

Translators: Elayne ANTALFFY; Zsuzsanna CSELÉNYI; Michael KANDÓ
Layout Editor: Judit MAHMOUDI-KOMOR
Cover Design: Dénes KASZTA

Manuscripts and editorial correspondence:

Acta Ethnographica Hungarica
Institute of Ethnology
Research Centre for the Humanities
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
H-1453 Budapest, Pf. 33
E-mail: actaethnographicahungarica@gmail.com

Reviews:
Mészáros, Csaba or Vargha, Katalin review editors
Institute of Ethnology
Research Centre for the Humanities
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
H-1453 Budapest, Pf. 33
E-mail: meszaros.csaba@btk.mta.hu or vargha.katalin@btk.mta.hu

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2023  
Scopus  
CiteScore 0.6
CiteScore rank Q2 (Music)
SNIP 0.369
Scimago  
SJR index 0.164
SJR Q rank Q2

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Acta Ethnographica Hungarica
Language English
Size B5
Year of
Foundation
1950
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
2
Founder Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
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H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9.
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ISSN 1216-9803 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2586 (Online)