Peptaibols and the related peptaibiotics are linear, amphipathic polypeptides. More than 300 of these secondary metabolites have been described to date. These compounds are composed of 5-20 amino acids and are generally produced in microheterogeneous mixtures. Peptaibols and peptaibiotics with unusual amino acid content are the result of non-ribosomal biosynthesis. Large multifunctional enzymes known as peptide synthetases assemble these molecules by the multiple carrier thiotemplate mechanism from a remarkable range of precursors, which can be N-methylated, acylated or reduced. Peptaibols and peptaibiotics show interesting physico-chemical and biological properties including the formation of pores in bilayer lipid membranes, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, occasionally antiviral activities, and may elicit plant resistance. The three-dimensional structure of peptaibols and peptaibiotics is characterized predominantly by one type of the helical motifs a-helix, 310-helix and b-bend ribbon spiral. The aim of this review is to summarize the data available about the biosynthesis, biological activity and conformational properties of peptaibols and peptaibiotics described from Trichoderma species.
-
Chet, I., Inbar, J.: Biological control of fungal pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 48, 37-43 (1994).
'Biological control of fungal pathogens ' () 48 Appl Biochem Biotechnol : 37 -43.
-
Manczinger, L., Antal, Z., Kredics, L.: Ecophysiology and breeding of mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 49, 1-14 (2000).
'Ecophysiology and breeding of mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains ' () 49 Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung : 1 -14.
-
Kredics, L., Antal, Z., Dóczi, I., Manczinger, L., Kevei, F., Nagy, E.: Clinical importance of the genus Trichoderma. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 50, 105-117 (2003).
'Clinical importance of the genus Trichoderma ' () 50 Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung : 105 -117.
-
Ghisalberti, E. L., Sivasithamparam, K.: Antifungal antibiotics produced by Trichoderma spp. Soil Biol Biochem 23, 1011-1020 (1991).
'Antifungal antibiotics produced by Trichoderma spp ' () 23 Soil Biol Biochem : 1011 -1020.
-
Reusser, F.: Biosynthesis of antibiotic U-22,324, a cyclic polypeptide. J Biol Chem 242, 243-247 (1967).
'Biosynthesis of antibiotic U-22,324, a cyclic polypeptide ' () 242 J Biol Chem : 243 -247.
-
Whitmore, L., Wallace, B. A.: The peptaibol database: a database for sequences and structures of naturally occurring peptaibols. Nucleic Acid Res 32, D593-D594 (2004).
'The peptaibol database: a database for sequences and structures of naturally occurring peptaibols ' () 32 Nucleic Acid Res : D593 -D594.
-
Benedetti, E., Bavoso, A., Di Blasio, B., Pavone, V., Pedone, C., Toniolo, C., Bonora, G. M.: Peptaibol antibiotics: a study on the helical structure of the two sequences of emerimicins III and IV. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79, 7951-7954 (1982).
'Peptaibol antibiotics: a study on the helical structure of the two sequences of emerimicins III and IV ' () 79 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA : 7951 -7954.
-
Pandey, R. C., Cook, J. C., Rinehart, K. L.: High resolution and field desorption mass spectrometry studies and revised structures of alamethicins I and II. J Am Chem Soc 99, 8469-8483 (1977).
'High resolution and field desorption mass spectrometry studies and revised structures of alamethicins I and II ' () 99 J Am Chem Soc : 8469 -8483.
-
Rebuffat, S., Hlimi, S., Prigent, Y., Goulard, C., Bodo, B.: Isolation and structural elucidation of the 11-residue peptaibol antibiotic, harzianin HK VI. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2021-2027 (1996).
'Isolation and structural elucidation of the 11-residue peptaibol antibiotic, harzianin HK VI ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 2021 -2027.
-
Rebuffat, S., Duclohier, H., Auvin-Guette, C., Molle, G., Spach, G., Bodo, B.: Membrane-modifying properties of the pore-forming peptaibols saturnosporin SA IV and harzianian HA V. FEMS Microbiol Immunol 105, 151-160 (1992).
'Membrane-modifying properties of the pore-forming peptaibols saturnosporin SA IV and harzianian HA V ' () 105 FEMS Microbiol Immunol : 151 -160.
-
Sansom, M. S. P.: Structure and function of channel-forming peptaibols. Q Rev Biophys 26, 365-421 (1993).
'Structure and function of channel-forming peptaibols ' () 26 Q Rev Biophys : 365 -421.
-
Brückner, H., König, W. A., Aydin, M., Jung, G.: Trichotoxin A40. Purification by counter-current distribution and sequencing of isolated fragments. Biochim Biophys Acta 827, 51-62 (1985).
'Trichotoxin A40. Purification by counter-current distribution and sequencing of isolated fragments ' () 827 Biochim Biophys Acta : 51 -62.
-
Auvin-Guette, C., Rebuffat, S., Prigent, Y., Bodo, B.: Trichogin A IV, an 11-residue lipopeptaibol from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J Am Chem Soc 114, 2170-2174 (1992).
'Trichogin A IV, an 11-residue lipopeptaibol from Trichoderma longibrachiatum ' () 114 J Am Chem Soc : 2170 -2174.
-
Cosette, P., Rebuffat, S., Bodo, B., Molle, G.: The ion-channel activity of longibrachins LGA I and LGB II: effects of Pro-2/Ala and Gln-18/Glu substitutions on the alamethicin voltage-gated membrane channels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1461, 113-122 (1999).
'The ion-channel activity of longibrachins LGA I and LGB II: effects of Pro-2/Ala and Gln-18/Glu substitutions on the alamethicin voltage-gated membrane channels ' () 1461 Biochim Biophys Acta : 113 -122.
-
Fujita, T., Wada, S. I., Iida, A., Nishimura, T., Kanai, M., Toyama, N.: Fungal metabolites. XIII. Isolation and structural elucidation of new peptaibols, trichodecenins-I and -II, from Trichoderma viride. Chem Pharm Bull 42, 489-494 (1994).
'Fungal metabolites. XIII. Isolation and structural elucidation of new peptaibols, trichodecenins-I and -II, from Trichoderma viride ' () 42 Chem Pharm Bull : 489 -494.
-
Landreau, A., Pouchus, Y. F., Sallenave, C., Biard, J. F., Boumard, M. C., Pont, T. R., Mondeguer, F., Goulard, C., Verbist, J. F.: Combined use of LC/MS and a biological test for rapid identification of marine mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma koningii. J Microbiol Methods 48, 181-194 (2002).
'Combined use of LC/MS and a biological test for rapid identification of marine mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma koningii ' () 48 J Microbiol Methods : 181 -194.
-
Iida, A., Okuda, M., Uesato, S., Takaishi, Y., Shingu, T., Morita, M., Fujita, T.: Fungal metabolites. Part 3. Structural elucidation and antibiotic peptides, trichosporin-B-IIIb, -IIIc, -IVb, -IVc, -IVd, -VIa and -VIb from Trichoderma polysporum. Application of fast atomic bombardment mass spectrometry to peptides containing a unique Aib-Pro peptide bond. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 3249-3255 (1990).
'Fungal metabolites. Part 3. Structural elucidation and antibiotic peptides, trichosporin-B-IIIb, -IIIc, -IVb, -IVc, -IVd, -VIa and -VIb from Trichoderma polysporum. Application of fast atomic bombardment mass spectrometry to peptides containing a unique Aib-Pro peptide bond ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 3249 -3255.
-
Rinehart, K. L., Cook, J. C., Meng, H., Olson, K. L., Pandey, R. C.: Mass spectrometric determination of molecular formulas for membrane-modifying antibiotics. Nature 269, 832-833 (1977).
'Mass spectrometric determination of molecular formulas for membrane-modifying antibiotics ' () 269 Nature : 832 -833.
-
Brückner, H., Przybylski, M.: Isolation and structural characterization of polypeptide antibiotics of the peptaibol class by high-performance liquid chromatography with field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. J Chomatogr A 296, 263-275 (1984).
'Isolation and structural characterization of polypeptide antibiotics of the peptaibol class by high-performance liquid chromatography with field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry ' () 296 J Chomatogr A : 263 -275.
-
Huang, Q., Tezuka, Y., Hatanaka, Y., Kikuchi, T., Nishi, A., Tubaki, K.: Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. IV. Minor peptaibols of Trichoderma koningii. Chem Pharm Bull 43, 1663-1667 (1995).
'Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. IV. Minor peptaibols of Trichoderma koningii ' () 43 Chem Pharm Bull : 1663 -1667.
-
Iida, A., Sanekata, M., Wada, S., Fujita, T., Tanaka, H., Enoki, A., Fuse, G., Kanai, M., Asami, K.: Fungal metabolites. XVIII. New membrane-modifying peptides, Trichorozins I-IV, from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Chem Pharm Bull 43, 392-397 (1995).
'Fungal metabolites. XVIII. New membrane-modifying peptides, Trichorozins I-IV, from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum ' () 43 Chem Pharm Bull : 392 -397.
-
Jaworski, A., Brückner, H.: Detection of new sequences of peptaibol antibiotics trichotoxins A-40 by on-line liquid chromathography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 862, 179-189 (1999).
'Detection of new sequences of peptaibol antibiotics trichotoxins A-40 by on-line liquid chromathography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ' () 862 J Chromatogr A : 179 -189.
-
Degenkolb, T., Berg, A., Gams, W., Schlegel, B., Gräfe, U.: The occurrence of peptaibols and structurally related peptaibiotics in fungi and their mass spectrometric identification via diagnostic fragment ions. J Peptide Sci 9, 666-678 (2003).
'The occurrence of peptaibols and structurally related peptaibiotics in fungi and their mass spectrometric identification via diagnostic fragment ions ' () 9 J Peptide Sci : 666 -678.
-
Chugh, J. K., Wallace, B. A.: Peptaibols: models for ion channels. Biochem Soc Trans 29, 565-570 (2001).
'Peptaibols: models for ion channels ' () 29 Biochem Soc Trans : 565 -570.
-
Oh, S. U., Lee, S. J., Kim, J. H., Yoo, I. D.: Structural elucidation of new antibiotic peptides, atroviridins A, B and C from Trichoderma atroviride. Tetrahedron Lett 41, 61-64 (2000).
'Structural elucidation of new antibiotic peptides, atroviridins A, B and C from Trichoderma atroviride ' () 41 Tetrahedron Lett : 61 -64.
-
Augeven-Bour, I., Rebuffat, S., Auvin, C., Goulard, C., Prigent, Y., Bodo, B.: Harzianin HB I, an 11-residue peptaibol from Trichoderma harzianum: isolation, sequence, solution synthesis and membrane activity. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1587-1594 (1997).
'Harzianin HB I, an 11-residue peptaibol from Trichoderma harzianum: isolation, sequence, solution synthesis and membrane activity ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 1587 -1594.
-
Rebuffat, S., Goulard, C., Bodo, B.: Antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma harzianum: harzianins HC, proline-rich 14-residue peptaibols. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1849-1855 (1995).
'Antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma harzianum: harzianins HC, proline-rich 14-residue peptaibols ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 1849 -1855.
-
Iida, J., Iida, A., Takahashi, Y., Takaishi, Y., Nagaoka, Y., Fujita, T.: Fungal metabolites. Part 5. Rapid Structure elucidation of antibiotic peptides, minor components of trichosporin Bs from Trichoderma polysporum. Application of linked scan and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 357-365 (1993).
'Fungal metabolites. Part 5. Rapid Structure elucidation of antibiotic peptides, minor components of trichosporin Bs from Trichoderma polysporum. Application of linked scan and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 357 -365.
-
Brückner, H., Maisch, J., Reinecke, C., Kimonyo, A.: Use of α-aminoisobutiric acid and isovaline as marker amino acids for the detection of fungal polypeptide antibiotics. Screening of Hypocrea. Amino Acids 1, 251-257 (1991).
'Use of α-aminoisobutiric acid and isovaline as marker amino acids for the detection of fungal polypeptide antibiotics. Screening of Hypocrea ' () 1 Amino Acids : 251 -257.
-
Leclerc, G., Rebuffat, S., Goulard, C., Bodo, B.: Directed biosynthesis of peptaibol antibiotics in two Trichoderma strains. I. Fermentation and isolation. J Antibiot 51, 178-184 (1998).
'Directed biosynthesis of peptaibol antibiotics in two Trichoderma strains. I. Fermentation and isolation ' () 51 J Antibiot : 178 -184.
-
Iida, A., Sanekata, M., Fujita, T., Tanaka, H., Enoki, A., Fuse, G., Kanai, M., Rudewicz, P. J., Tachikawa, E.: Fungal metabolitas. XVI. Structures of new peptaibols, trichokindins I-VII, from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Chem Pharm Bull 42, 1070-1075 (1994).
'Fungal metabolitas. XVI. Structures of new peptaibols, trichokindins I-VII, from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum ' () 42 Chem Pharm Bull : 1070 -1075.
-
El-Hajji, M. E., Rebuffat, S., Doan, T. L., Klein, G., Satre, M., Bodo, B.: Interaction of trichorzianines A and B with model membranes and with the amoeba Dictyostelium. Biochim Biophys Acta 978, 97-104 (1989).
'Interaction of trichorzianines A and B with model membranes and with the amoeba Dictyostelium ' () 978 Biochim Biophys Acta : 97 -104.
-
Rebuffat, S., Hajji, M. E., Hennig P., Davoust, D., Bodo, B.: Isolation, sequence, and conformation of seven trichorzianines B from Trichoderma harzianum. Int J Peptide Protein Res 34, 200-210 (1989).
'Isolation, sequence, and conformation of seven trichorzianines B from Trichoderma harzianum ' () 34 Int J Peptide Protein Res : 200 -210.
-
Goulard, C., Hlimi, S., Rebuffat, S., Bodo, B.: Trichorzins HA and MA, antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma harzianum. I. Fermentation, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot 48, 1248-1253 (1995).
'Trichorzins HA and MA, antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma harzianum. I. Fermentation, isolation and biological properties ' () 48 J Antibiot : 1248 -1253.
-
Duval, D., Rebuffat, S., Goulard, C., Prigent, Y., Becchi, M., Bodo, B.: Isolation and sequence analysis of the peptide antibiotics trichorzins PA from Trichoderma harzianum. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2147-2153 (1997).
'Isolation and sequence analysis of the peptide antibiotics trichorzins PA from Trichoderma harzianum ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 2147 -2153.
-
Auvin-Guette, C., Rebuffat, S., Vuidepot, I., Massias, M., Bodo, B.: Structural elucidation of trikoningins KA and KB, peptaibols from Trichoderma koningii. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 249-255 (1993).
'Structural elucidation of trikoningins KA and KB, peptaibols from Trichoderma koningii ' () 1 J Chem Soc Perkin Trans : 249 -255.
-
Leclerc, G., Goulard, C., Prigent, Y., Bodo, B., Wróblewski, H., Rebuffat, S.: Sequences and antimycoplasmic properties of longibrachins LGB II and LGB III, two novel 20-residue peptaibols from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J Nat Prod 64, 164-170 (2001).
'Sequences and antimycoplasmic properties of longibrachins LGB II and LGB III, two novel 20-residue peptaibols from Trichoderma longibrachiatum ' () 64 J Nat Prod : 164 -170.
-
Huang, Q., Tezuka, Y., Kikuchi, T., Nishi, A., Tubaki, K., Tanaka, K.: Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. II. Metabolites of Trichoderma koningii. Chem Pharm Bull 43, 223-229 (1995).
'Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. II. Metabolites of Trichoderma koningii ' () 43 Chem Pharm Bull : 223 -229.
-
Huang, Q., Tezuka, Y., Hatanaka, Y., Kikuchi, T., Nishi, A., Tubaki, K.: Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. V. Ion-spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of tricho-konin-II, a peptaibol mixture obtained from the culture broth of Trichoderma koningii. Chem Pharm Bull 44, 590-593 (1996).
'Studies on metabolites of mycoparasitic fungi. V. Ion-spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of tricho-konin-II, a peptaibol mixture obtained from the culture broth of Trichoderma koningii ' () 44 Chem Pharm Bull : 590 -593.
-
Rebuffat, S., Prigent, Y., Auvin-Guette, C., Bodo, B.: Tricholongins BI and BII 19-residue peptaibols from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Eur J Biochem 201, 661-674 (1991).
'Tricholongins BI and BII 19-residue peptaibols from Trichoderma longibrachiatum ' () 201 Eur J Biochem : 661 -674.
-
New, A. P., Eckers, C., Haskins, N. J., Neville, W. A., Elson, S., Hueso-Rodríguez, J. A., Rivera-Sagredo, A.: Structures of polysporins A-D, four new peptaibols isolated from Trichoderma polysporum. Tetrahedron Lett 37, 3039-3042 (1996).
'Structures of polysporins A-D, four new peptaibols isolated from Trichoderma polysporum ' () 37 Tetrahedron Lett : 3039 -3042.
-
Fujita, T., Takaishi, Y., Okamura, A.: New peptide antibiotics, trichopolyns I and II, from Trichoderma polysporum. J Chem Soc Chem Comm 12, 585-587 (1981).
'New peptide antibiotics, trichopolyns I and II, from Trichoderma polysporum ' () 12 J Chem Soc Chem Comm : 585 -587.
-
Iida, A., Mihara, T., Fujita, T., Takaishi, Y.: Peptidic immunosuppressants from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 9, 3393-3396 (1999).
'Peptidic immunosuppressants from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum ' () 9 Bioorg Med Chem Lett : 3393 -3396.
-
Rebuffat, S., Goulard, C., Hlimi, S., Bodo, B.: Two unprecedented natural Aib-peptides with the (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif and an unusual C-terminus: structures, membrane-modifying and antibacterial properties of pseudokonins KL III and KL VI from the fungus Trichoderma pseudokoningii. J Peptide Sci 6, 519-533 (2000).
'Two unprecedented natural Aib-peptides with the (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif and an unusual C-terminus: structures, membrane-modifying and antibacterial properties of pseudokonins KL III and KL VI from the fungus Trichoderma pseudokoningii ' () 6 J Peptide Sci : 519 -533.
-
Brückner, H., Graf, H., Bokel, M.: Paracelsin; characterization by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism, and hemolytic properties of a peptaibol antibiotic from the cellulolytically active mold Trichoderma reesei. Part B. Experienta 40, 1189-1197 (1984).
'Paracelsin; characterization by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism, and hemolytic properties of a peptaibol antibiotic from the cellulolytically active mold Trichoderma reesei. Part B ' () 40 Experienta : 1189 -1197.
-
Ritieni, A., Fogliano, V., Nanno, D., Randazzo, G.: Paracelsin E, a new peptaibol from Trichoderma saturnisporum. J Nat Prod 58, 1745-1748 (1995).
'Paracelsin E, a new peptaibol from Trichoderma saturnisporum ' () 58 J Nat Prod : 1745 -1748.
-
Wada, S., Nishimura, T., Iida, A., Toyama, N., Fujita, T.: Primary structures of antibiotic peptides, trichocellins-A and -B from Trichoderma viride. Tetrahedron Lett 35, 3095-3098 (1994)
'Primary structures of antibiotic peptides, trichocellins-A and -B from Trichoderma viride ' () 35 Tetrahedron Lett : 3095 -3098.
-
Wada, S., Iida, A., Akimoto, N., Kanai, M., Toyama, N., Fujita, T.: Fungal metabolites. XIX. Structural elucidation of channel-forming peptides, trichovirins-I-XIV, from the fungus Trichoderma viride. Chem Pharm Bull 43, 910-915 (1995).
'Fungal metabolites. XIX. Structural elucidation of channel-forming peptides, trichovirins-I-XIV, from the fungus Trichoderma viride ' () 43 Chem Pharm Bull : 910 -915.
-
Hou, C. T., Ciegler, A., Hesseltine, C. W.: New mycotoxin, trichotoxin A, from Trichoderma viride isolated from southern leaf blight-infected corn. Appl Microbiol 23, 183-185 (1972).
'New mycotoxin, trichotoxin A, from Trichoderma viride isolated from southern leaf blight-infected corn ' () 23 Appl Microbiol : 183 -185.
-
Brückner, H., König, W. A., Greiner, M., Jung, G.: The sequences of the membrane-modifying peptide antibiotic trichotoxin A-40. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 18, 476-477 (1979).
'The sequences of the membrane-modifying peptide antibiotic trichotoxin A-40 ' () 18 Angew Chem Int Ed Engl : 476 -477.
-
Jaworski, A., Kirschbaum, J., Brückner, H.: Structures of trichovirins II, peptaibol antibiotics from the mold Trichoderma viride NRRL 5243. J Peptide Sci 5, 341-351 (1999).
'Structures of trichovirins II, peptaibol antibiotics from the mold Trichoderma viride NRRL 5243 ' () 5 J Peptide Sci : 341 -351.
-
Kleinkauf, H., Rindfleish, H.: Non-ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide alamethicin. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 22, 411-418 (1975).
'Non-ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide alamethicin ' () 22 Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung : 411 -418.
-
Rindfleish, H., Kleinkauf, H.: Biosynthesis of alamethicin. FEBS Lett 62, 276-280 (1976).
'Biosynthesis of alamethicin ' () 62 FEBS Lett : 276 -280.
-
Marahiel, M. A., Stachelhaus, T., Mootz, H. D.: Modular peptide synthetases involved in nonribosomal peptide synthesis. Chem Rev 97, 2651-2673 (1997).
'Modular peptide synthetases involved in nonribosomal peptide synthesis ' () 97 Chem Rev : 2651 -2673.
-
Stein, T., Vater, J., Kruft, V., Otto, A., Wittmann-Liebold, B., Franke, P., Panico, M., McDowell, R., Morris, H. R.: The multiple carrier model of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis at modular multienzymatic substrates. J Biol Chem 271, 15428-15435 (1996).
'The multiple carrier model of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis at modular multienzymatic substrates ' () 271 J Biol Chem : 15428 -15435.
-
Wiest, A., Grzegorski, D., Xu, B. W., Goulard, C., Rebuffat, S., Ebbole, D. J., Bodo, B., Kenerley, C.: Identification of peptaibols from Trichoderma virens and cloning of a peptaibol synthetase. J Biol Chem 277, 20862-20868 (2002).
'Identification of peptaibols from Trichoderma virens and cloning of a peptaibol synthetase ' () 277 J Biol Chem : 20862 -20868.
-
Mohr, H., Kleinkauf, H.: Alamethicin biosynthesis. Acetylation of the amino terminus and attachment of phenylalaninol. Biochim Biophys Acta 526, 375-386 (1978).
'Alamethicin biosynthesis. Acetylation of the amino terminus and attachment of phenylalaninol ' () 526 Biochim Biophys Acta : 375 -386.
-
Stachelhaus, T., Mootz, H. D., Marahiel, M. A.: The specificity-conferring code of adenylation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Chem Biol 6, 493-505 (1999).
'The specificity-conferring code of adenylation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases ' () 6 Chem Biol : 493 -505.
-
Razin, S.: Mycoplasma taxonomy and ecology. In: Maniloff, J., Mc Elhaney, R. N., Finch, L. R., Baseman, J. B. (eds): Mycoplasmas: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis. ASM Press, Washington, D. C., 1992, pp. 3-22.
Mycoplasma taxonomy and ecology , () 3 -22.
-
Béven, L., Wróblewski, H.: Effect of natural amphipatic peptides on viability, membrane potential, cell shape and motility of mollicutes. Res Microbiol 148, 163-175 (1997).
'Effect of natural amphipatic peptides on viability, membrane potential, cell shape and motility of mollicutes ' () 148 Res Microbiol : 163 -175.
-
Béven, L., Duval, D., Rebuffat, S., Riddell, F. G., Bodo, B., Wróblewski, H.: Membrane permeabilisation and antimycoparasitic activity of the 18-residue peptaibols, trichorzins PA. Biochim Biophys Acta 1372, 78-79 (1998).
'Membrane permeabilisation and antimycoparasitic activity of the 18-residue peptaibols, trichorzins PA ' () 1372 Biochim Biophys Acta : 78 -79.
-
Béven, L., Helluin, O., Molle, G., Duclohier, H., Wróblewski, H.: Correlation between antibacterial activity and pore-sizes of two classes of voltage-dependent channel-forming peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta 1420, 53-56 (1999).
'Correlation between antibacterial activity and pore-sizes of two classes of voltage-dependent channel-forming peptides ' () 1420 Biochim Biophys Acta : 53 -56.
-
Nir-Paz, R., Prévost, M. C., Nicolas, P., Blanchard, A., Wróblewski, H.: Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma fermentas and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to membrane-active peptides and enrofloxacin in human tissue cell cultures. Antimicr Agents Chemoter 46, 1218-1225 (2002).
'Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma fermentas and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to membrane-active peptides and enrofloxacin in human tissue cell cultures ' () 46 Antimicr Agents Chemoter : 1218 -1225.
-
Brückner, H., Graf, H.: Paracelsin, a peptide antibiotic containing α-aminoisobutyric acid, isolated from Trichoderma reesei Simmons. Part A. Experientia 39, 528-530 (1983).
'Paracelsin, a peptide antibiotic containing α-aminoisobutyric acid, isolated from Trichoderma reesei Simmons. Part A ' () 39 Experientia : 528 -530.
-
Fuji, K., Fujita, E., Takaishi, Y., Fujita, T., Arita, I., Komatsu, M., Hiratsuka, N.: New antibiotics, trichopolyns A and B: Isolation and biological activity. Experientia 34, 137-239 (1978).
'New antibiotics, trichopolyns A and B: Isolation and biological activity ' () 34 Experientia : 137 -239.
-
Berg, A., Grigoriev, P. A., Degenkolb, T., Neuhof, T., Härtl, A., Schlegel, B., Gräfe, U.: Isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of trichofumins A, B, C and D, new 11 and 13mer peptaibols from Trichoderma sp. HKI 0276. J Peptide Sci 9, 810-816 (2003).
'Isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of trichofumins A, B, C and D, new 11 and 13mer peptaibols from Trichoderma sp. HKI 0276 ' () 9 J Peptide Sci : 810 -816.
-
Schirmböck, M., Lorito, M., Wang, Y. L., Hayes, C. K., Arisan-Atac, I., Scala, F., Harman, G. E., Kubicek, C. P.: Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 60, 4364-4370 (1994).
'Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi ' () 60 Appl Environ Microbiol : 4364 -4370.
-
Lorito, M., Farkas, V., Rebuffat, S., Bodo, B., Kubicek, C. P.: Cell wall synthesis is a major target of mycoparasitic antagonism by Trichoderma harzianum. J Bacteriol 178, 6382-6385 (1996).
'Cell wall synthesis is a major target of mycoparasitic antagonism by Trichoderma harzianum ' () 178 J Bacteriol : 6382 -6385.
-
Engelberth, J., Koch, T., Schüler, G., Bachmann, N., Rechtenbach, J., Boland, W.: Ion channel-forming alamethicin is a potent elicitor of volatile biosynthesis and tendril coiling. Cross talk between jasmonate and salicylate signaling in lima bean. Plant Physiol 125, 369-377 (2001).
'Ion channel-forming alamethicin is a potent elicitor of volatile biosynthesis and tendril coiling. Cross talk between jasmonate and salicylate signaling in lima bean ' () 125 Plant Physiol : 369 -377.
-
Rebuffat, S., Conraux, L., Massias, M., Auvin-Guette, C., Bodo, B.: Sequence and solution conformation of the 20-residue peptaibols, saturnisporins SA II and SA IV. Int J Peptide Protein Res 41, 74-84 (1993).
'Sequence and solution conformation of the 20-residue peptaibols, saturnisporins SA II and SA IV ' () 41 Int J Peptide Protein Res : 74 -84.
-
Yun, B. S., Yoo, I. D., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y. S., Lee, S. J., Kim, K. S., Yeo, W. H.: Peptavirins A and B, two new antiviral peptaibols against TMV infection. Tetrahedron Lett 41, 1429-1431 (2000).
'Peptavirins A and B, two new antiviral peptaibols against TMV infection ' () 41 Tetrahedron Lett : 1429 -1431.
-
Sallenave, C., Pouchus, Y. F., Bardouil, M., Lassus, P., Roquebert, M. F., Verbist, J. F.: Bioaccumulation of mycotoxins by shellfish: contamination of mussels by metabolites of a Trichoderma koningii strain isolated in the marine environment. Toxicon 37, 77-83 (1999).
'Bioaccumulation of mycotoxins by shellfish: contamination of mussels by metabolites of a Trichoderma koningii strain isolated in the marine environment ' () 37 Toxicon : 77 -83.
-
Peltola, J., Andersson, M. A., Haahtela, T., Mussalo-Rauhamaa, H., Rainey, F. A., Kroppenstedt, R. M., Samson, R. A., Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S.: Toxic-metabolite-producing bacteria and fungus an indoor environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 67, 3269-3274 (2001).
'Toxic-metabolite-producing bacteria and fungus an indoor environment ' () 67 Appl Environ Microbiol : 3269 -3274.
-
Peltola, J., Ritieni, A., Mikkola, R., Grigoriev, P. A., Pócsfalvi, G., Andersson, M. A, Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S.: Biological effects of Trichoderma harzianum peptaibols on mammalian cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 4996-5004 (2004).
'Biological effects of Trichoderma harzianum peptaibols on mammalian cells ' () 70 Appl Environ Microbiol : 4996 -5004.
-
Besch, H. R. J., Jones, L. R., Fleming, J. W., Watanabe, A. M.: Parallel unmasking of latent adenylate cyclase and (Na+,K+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. A new use of the channel-forming ionophore alamethicin. J Biol Chem 25, 7905-7908 (1977).
'Parallel unmasking of latent adenylate cyclase and (Na+,K+)-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. A new use of the channel-forming ionophore alamethicin ' () 25 J Biol Chem : 7905 -7908.
-
Lad, P. J., White, A. A.: Effect of alamethicin, gramicidin S and mellitin upon the particulate guanylate cyclase from rat lung. Biochim Biophys Acta 570, 198-209 (1979).
'Effect of alamethicin, gramicidin S and mellitin upon the particulate guanylate cyclase from rat lung ' () 570 Biochim Biophys Acta : 198 -209.
-
Neer, E. J., Echeverria, D.: Effect of Triton X-100 and alamethicin on the susceptibility of brain adenylate cyclase to EGTA inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 30, 2488-2491 (1981).
'Effect of Triton X-100 and alamethicin on the susceptibility of brain adenylate cyclase to EGTA inhibition ' () 30 Biochem Pharmacol : 2488 -2491.
-
Bonnafous, J. C., Dornand, J., Mani, J. C.: Alamethicin or detergent permeabilization of the cell membrane as a tool for adenylate cyclase determination. Application to the study of hormone responsiveness in lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 720, 235-241 (1982).
'Alamethicin or detergent permeabilization of the cell membrane as a tool for adenylate cyclase determination. Application to the study of hormone responsiveness in lymphocytes ' () 720 Biochim Biophys Acta : 235 -241.
-
Klumpp, S., Jung, G., Schultz, J. E.: Activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase from Paramecium by polypeptide antibiotics and melletin. Biochim Biophys Acta 800, 145-151 (1984).
'Activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase from Paramecium by polypeptide antibiotics and melletin ' () 800 Biochim Biophys Acta : 145 -151.
-
Katayama, T., Miyagawa, K., Kodama, T., Oikawa, S.: Trichorzin HA V, a member of the peptaibol family, stimulates intracellular cAMP formation in cells expressing the calcitonin receptor. Biol Pharm Bull 24, 1420-1422 (2001).
'Trichorzin HA V, a member of the peptaibol family, stimulates intracellular cAMP formation in cells expressing the calcitonin receptor ' () 24 Biol Pharm Bull : 1420 -1422.
-
Jung, G., Dubischar, N., Leibfritz, D., Ottnad, M., Probst, H., Stumpf, C.: On the conformation of alamethicin. In: Wolman, Y. (ed.): Peptides 1974: Proceedings of the 13th European Peptide Symposium, 1974, pp. 345-354.
, , .
-
Irmscher, G., Jung, G.: Die hämolytischen Eigenschaften der membranmodifizierenden Peptidantibiotika Alamethicin, Suzukacillin und Trichotoxin. Eur J Biochem 80, 165-174 (1977).
'Die hämolytischen Eigenschaften der membranmodifizierenden Peptidantibiotika Alamethicin, Suzukacillin und Trichotoxin ' () 80 Eur J Biochem : 165 -174.
-
Dathe, M., Kaduk, C., Tachikawa, E., Melzig, M. F., Wenschuh, H., Bienert, M.: Proline position 14 of alamethicin is essential for hemolytic activity, catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and enhanced metabolic activity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1370, 175-183 (1998).
'Proline position 14 of alamethicin is essential for hemolytic activity, catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and enhanced metabolic activity in endothelial cells ' () 1370 Biochim Biophys Acta : 175 -183.
-
Bessler, W. G., Ottenbrei, B., Irmscher, G., Jung, G.: Interaction of membrane modifying peptide antibiotics from Trichoderma viride with leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 87, 99-105 (1979).
'Interaction of membrane modifying peptide antibiotics from Trichoderma viride with leukocytes ' () 87 Biochem Biophys Res Commun : 99 -105.
-
Huang, Q., Tezuka, Y., Kikuchi, T., Momose, Y.: Trichokonin VI, a new Ca2+ channel agonist in bullfrog cardiac myocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 271, R5-R6 (1994).
'Trichokonin VI, a new Ca2+ channel agonist in bullfrog cardiac myocytes ' () 271 Eur J Pharmacol : R5 -R6.
-
Artalejo, A. R., Montiel, P., Sánchez-Garcia, P., Uceda, G., Guantes, J. M., Garcia, A. G.: Alamethicin-evoked catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 169, 1204-1210 (1990).
'Alamethicin-evoked catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands ' () 169 Biochem Biophys Res Commun : 1204 -1210.
-
Fonteriz, R. I., López, M. G., Garcia-Sancho, J., Garcia, A. G.: Alamethicin channel permeation by Ca2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in bovine chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett 283, 89-92 (1991).
'Alamethicin channel permeation by Ca2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in bovine chromaffin cells ' () 283 FEBS Lett : 89 -92.
-
Tachikawa, E., Takahashi, S., Furumachi, K., Kashimoto, T., Iida, A., Nagaoka, Y., Fujita, T., Takaishi, Y.: Trichosporin-B-III, an α-aminoisobutiric acid-containing peptide, causes Ca2+ -dependent catecholamine secretion from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. Mol Pharmacol 40, 790-797 (1991).
'Trichosporin-B-III, an α-aminoisobutiric acid-containing peptide, causes Ca2+ -dependent catecholamine secretion from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells ' () 40 Mol Pharmacol : 790 -797.
-
Nagaoka, Y., Iida, A., Kambara, T., Asami, K., Tachikawa, E., Fujita, T.: Role of proline residue in the channel-forming and catecholamine-releasing activities of the peptaibol, trichosporin-B-VIa. Biochim Biophys Acta 1283, 31-36 (1996).
'Role of proline residue in the channel-forming and catecholamine-releasing activities of the peptaibol, trichosporin-B-VIa ' () 1283 Biochim Biophys Acta : 31 -36.
-
Wada, S., Tanaka, R.: A novel 11 -residual peptaibol-derived carrier peptide for in vitro oligodeoxynucleotide delivery into cell. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14, 2563-2566 (2004).
'A novel 11 -residual peptaibol-derived carrier peptide for in vitro oligodeoxynucleotide delivery into cell ' () 14 Bioorg Med Chem Lett : 2563 -2566.
-
Tachikawa, E., Nogimori, K., Takahashi, S., Mizuma, K., Itoh, K. Kashimoto, T., Nagaoka, Y., Iida, A., Fujita, T.: Pathway for Ca2+ influx into cells by trichosporin-B-VIa, an α-aminoisobutyric acid-containing peptide, from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1282, 140-148 (1996).
'Pathway for Ca2+ influx into cells by trichosporin-B-VIa, an α-aminoisobutyric acid-containing peptide, from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum ' () 1282 Biochim Biophys Acta : 140 -148.
-
Wada, S., Iida, A., Asami, K., Tachikawa, E., Fujita, T.: Role of the Gln/Glu residues of trichocellins A-II/B-II in ion-channel formation in lipid membranes and catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1325, 209-214 (1997).
'Role of the Gln/Glu residues of trichocellins A-II/B-II in ion-channel formation in lipid membranes and catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells ' () 1325 Biochim Biophys Acta : 209 -214.
-
Di Blasio, B., Pavone, V., Saviano, M., Lombardi, A., Nastri, F., Pedone, C., Benedetti, E., Crisma, M., Anzolin, M., Toniolo, C.: Structural characterization of the β-bend ribbon spiral: crystallographic analysis of two long (L-Pro-Aib), sequential peptides. J Am Chem Soc 114, 6273-6278 (1992).
'Structural characterization of the β-bend ribbon spiral: crystallographic analysis of two long (L-Pro-Aib), sequential peptides ' () 114 J Am Chem Soc : 6273 -6278.
-
Ségalas, I., Prigent, Y., Davoust, D., Bodo, B., Rebuffat, S.: Characterization of a type of β-bend ribbon spiral generated by the repeating (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif: The solution structure of harzianin HC IX, a 14-residue peptaibol forming voltage-dependent ion channels. Biopolymers 50, 71-85 (1999).
'Characterization of a type of β-bend ribbon spiral generated by the repeating (Xaa-Yaa-Aib-Pro) motif: The solution structure of harzianin HC IX, a 14-residue peptaibol forming voltage-dependent ion channels ' () 50 Biopolymers : 71 -85.
-
Paterson, Y., Rumsey, S. M., Benedetti, E., Némethy, G., Scheraga, H. A.: Sensitivity of polypeptide conformation to geometry. Theoretical conformational analysis of oligomers of α-aminoisobutyric acid. J Am Chem Soc 103, 2947-2955 (1981).
'Sensitivity of polypeptide conformation to geometry. Theoretical conformational analysis of oligomers of α-aminoisobutyric acid ' () 103 J Am Chem Soc : 2947 -2955.
-
Karle, I. L., Balaram, P.: Structural characteristics of α-helical peptide molecules containing Aib residues. Biochemistry 29, 6747-6756 (1990).
'Structural characteristics of α-helical peptide molecules containing Aib residues ' () 29 Biochemistry : 6747 -6756.
-
Fox, R. O., Richards, F. M.: A voltage-gated ion channel model inferred from the crystal structure of alamethicin at 1.5-Å resolution. Nature 300 325-330 (1982).
'A voltage-gated ion channel model inferred from the crystal structure of alamethicin at 1.5-Å resolution ' () 300 Nature : 325 -330.
-
Banerjee, U., Tsui, F.-P., Balasubramanian, T. N., Marshall, G. R., Chan, S. I.: Structure of alamethicin in solution: One- and two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies at 500 MHz. J Mol Biol 165, 757-775 (1983).
'Structure of alamethicin in solution: One- and two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies at 500 MHz ' () 165 J Mol Biol : 757 -775.
-
Esposito, G., Carver, J. A., Boyd, J., Campbell, I. D.: High-resolution 1H NMR study of the solution structure of alamethicin. Biochemistry 26, 1043-1050 (1987).
'High-resolution 1H NMR study of the solution structure of alamethicin ' () 26 Biochemistry : 1043 -1050.
-
Yee, A. A., O'Neil, J. D. J.: Uniform 15N labeling of a fungal peptide: The structure and dynamics of an alamethicin by 15N and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 31, 3135-3143 (1992).
'Uniform 15N labeling of a fungal peptide: The structure and dynamics of an alamethicin by 15N and 1H NMR spectroscopy ' () 31 Biochemistry : 3135 -3143.
-
Franklin, J. C., Ellena, J. F., Jayasinghe, S., Kelsh, L. P., Cafiso, D. S.: Structure of micelle-associated alamethicin from 1H NMR. Evidence for conformational heterogeneity in a voltage-gated peptide. Biochemistry 33, 4036-4045 (1994).
'Structure of micelle-associated alamethicin from 1H NMR. Evidence for conformational heterogeneity in a voltage-gated peptide ' () 33 Biochemistry : 4036 -4045.
-
Chandrasekhar, K., Das, M. K., Kumar, A., Balaram, P.: Molecular conformation of alamethicin in dimethylsulfoxide solution: A two-dimensional n. m. r. study. Int J Peptide Protein Res 32, 167-174 (1988).
'Molecular conformation of alamethicin in dimethylsulfoxide solution: A two-dimensional n. m. r. study ' () 32 Int J Peptide Protein Res : 167 -174.
-
Bak, M., Bywater, R. P., Hohwy, M., Thomsen, J. K., Adelhorst, K., Jakobsen, H. J., Sorensen, O. W., Nielsen, N. C.: Conformation of alamethicin in oriented phospholipid bilayers determined by 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Biophys J 81, 1684-1698 (2001).
'Conformation of alamethicin in oriented phospholipid bilayers determined by 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ' () 81 Biophys J : 1684 -1698.
-
Yee, A. A., Babiuk, R., O'Neil, J. D. J.: The conformation of an alamethicin in methanol by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and distance geometry/simulated annealing. Biopolymers 36, 781-792 (1995).
'The conformation of an alamethicin in methanol by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and distance geometry/simulated annealing ' () 36 Biopolymers : 781 -792.
-
Vogel, H.: Comparison of the conformation and orientation of alamethicin and melittin in lipid membranes. Biochemistry 26, 4562-4572 (1987).
'Comparison of the conformation and orientation of alamethicin and melittin in lipid membranes ' () 26 Biochemistry : 4562 -4572.
-
Fraternali, F.: Restrained and unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble of alamethicin. Biopolymers 30, 1083-1099 (1990).
'Restrained and unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble of alamethicin ' () 30 Biopolymers : 1083 -1099.
-
Biggin, P. C., Breed, J., Son, H. S., Sansom, M. S.: Simulation studies of alamethicin-bilayer interactions. Biophys J 72, 627-636 (1997).
'Simulation studies of alamethicin-bilayer interactions ' () 72 Biophys J : 627 -636.
-
Gibbs, N., Sessions, R. B., Williams, P. B., Dempsey, C. E.: Helix bending in alamethicin: molecular dynamics simulations and amide hydrogen exchange in methanol. Biophys J 72, 2490-2495 (1997).
'Helix bending in alamethicin: molecular dynamics simulations and amide hydrogen exchange in methanol ' () 72 Biophys J : 2490 -2495.
-
Sessions, R. B., Gibbs, N., Dempsey, C. E.: Hydrogen bonding in helical polypeptides from molecular dynamics simulations and amide hydrogen exchange analysis: Alamethicin and melittin in methanol. Biophys J 74, 138-152 (1998).
'Hydrogen bonding in helical polypeptides from molecular dynamics simulations and amide hydrogen exchange analysis: Alamethicin and melittin in methanol ' () 74 Biophys J : 138 -152.
-
Tieleman, D. P., Sansom, M. S. P., Berendsen, H. J. C.: Alamethicin helices in a bilayer and in solution: Molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys J 76, 40-49 (1999).
'Alamethicin helices in a bilayer and in solution: Molecular dynamics simulations ' () 76 Biophys J : 40 -49.
-
Tieleman, D. P., Berendsen, H. J. C., Sansom, M. S. P.: Surface binding of alamethicin stabilizes its helical structure: Molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys J 76, 3186-3191 (1999).
'Surface binding of alamethicin stabilizes its helical structure: Molecular dynamics simulations ' () 76 Biophys J : 3186 -3191.
-
Toniolo, C., Peggion, C., Crisma, M., Formaggio, F., Shui, X., Eggleston, D. S.: Structure determination of racemic trichogin A IV using centrosymmetric crystals. Nature Struct Biol 1, 908-914 (1994).
'Structure determination of racemic trichogin A IV using centrosymmetric crystals ' () 1 Nature Struct Biol : 908 -914.
-
Bodo, B., Rebuffat, S., El Hajji, M., Davoust, D.: Structure of trichorzianine A IIIc, an antifungal peptide from Trichoderma harzianum. J Am Chem Soc 107, 6011-6017 (1985).
'Structure of trichorzianine A IIIc, an antifungal peptide from Trichoderma harzianum ' () 107 J Am Chem Soc : 6011 -6017.
-
Condamine, E., Rebuffat, S., Prigent, Y., Ségalas, I., Bodo, B., Davoust, D.: Three-dimensional structure of the ion-channel forming peptide trichorzianin TA VII bound to sodium dodecyl sulphate micelles. Biopolymers 46, 75-88 (1998).
'Three-dimensional structure of the ion-channel forming peptide trichorzianin TA VII bound to sodium dodecyl sulphate micelles ' () 46 Biopolymers : 75 -88.
-
Jung, G., König, W. A., Liebfritz, D., Ooka, T., Janko, K., Boheim, G.: Structural and membrane modifying properties of suzukacillin, a peptide antibiotic related to alamethicin. Part A. Sequence and conformation. Biochim Biophys Acta 433, 164-181 (1976).
'Structural and membrane modifying properties of suzukacillin, a peptide antibiotic related to alamethicin. Part A. Sequence and conformation ' () 433 Biochim Biophys Acta : 164 -181.
-
Irmscher, G., Bovermann, G., Boheim, G., Jung, G.: Trichotoxin A-40, a new membrane-exciting peptide. Part A. Isolation, characterization and conformation. Biochim Biophys Acta 507, 470-484 (1978).
'Trichotoxin A-40, a new membrane-exciting peptide. Part A. Isolation, characterization and conformation ' () 507 Biochim Biophys Acta : 470 -484.
-
Chugh, J. K., Brückner, H., Wallace, B. A.: Model for a helical bundle channel based on the high-resolution crystal structure of trichotoxin A50E. Biochemistry 41, 12934-12941 (2002).
'Model for a helical bundle channel based on the high-resolution crystal structure of trichotoxin A50E ' () 41 Biochemistry : 12934 -12941.
Monthly Content Usage
| Abstract Views | Full Text Views | PDF Downloads | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2020 | 65 | 2 | 4 |
| Nov 2020 | 19 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2020 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 2021 | 40 | 3 | 3 |
| Feb 2021 | 15 | 4 | 5 |
| Mar 2021 | 33 | 3 | 5 |
| Apr 2021 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Copyright Akadémiai Kiadó
AKJournals is the trademark of Akadémiai Kiadó's journal publishing business branch.
Copyright Akadémiai Kiadó AKJournals is the trademark of Akadémiai Kiadó's journal publishing business branch.
Powered by PubFactory