The literature has not settled down on safe haven property of gold in the emerging and developing countries. Therefore, we revisit the international evidence on hedging and safe haven role of gold for 34 emerging and developing countries with a span of daily data covering January 2000–November 2018. We employ the GARCH-copula approach to estimate the lower-tail extreme dependencies of the joint distribution of gold and equity returns. We also introduce a new definition for the strong safe haven property of an asset. Our findings indicate that while gold serves as a hedging instrument for all countries in our sample, we got evidence of weak safe haven property for gold, for domestic investors, only in 20 countries, and a strong safe haven asset (SHA) only in 9 countries.
Aboura, S. J. – Jammazi, R. – Tiwari, A. K. (2016): The Place of Gold in the Cross-Market Dependencies. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(5): 567–586.
Ahmed, R. R. – Vveinhardt, J. (2018): Estimation of Causal Relationship between World Gold Prices and KSE 100 Index: Evidence from Johansen Cointegration Technique. Acta Oeconomica, 68(1): 51–77.
Baur, D. G. – Lucey, B. M. (2010): Is Gold a Hedge or a Safe Haven? An Analysis of Stocks, Bonds and Gold. Financial Review, 45(2): 217–229.
Baur, D. G. – McDermott, T. K. (2010): Is Gold a Safe Haven? International Evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8): 1886–1898.
Beckmann, J. – Berger, T.– Czudaj, R. (2015): Does Gold Act as a Hedge or a Safe Haven for Stocks? A Smooth Transition Approach. Economic Modelling, 48: 16–24.
Bekiros, S.– Boubaker, S. – Nguyen, D. K. – Uddin, G. S. (2017): Black Swan Events and Safe Havens: The Role of Gold in Globally Integrated Emerging Markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 73: 317–334.
Brechmann, E. – Schepsmeier, U. (2013): C-D-Vine: Modelling Dependence with C-and D-Vine Copulas in R Package CD-Vine. Journal of Statistical Software, 52(3): 1–27.
Bredin, D. – Conlon, T. – Potì, V. (2015): Does Gold Glitter in the Long-Run? Gold as a Hedge and Safe Haven Across Time and Investment Horizon. International Review of Financial Analysis, 41: 320–328.
Chkili, W. (2016): Dynamic Correlations and Hedging Effectiveness Between Gold and Stock Markets: Evidence for BRICS Countries. Research in International Business and Finance, 38: 22–34.
Ciner, C. – Gurdgiev, C. – Lucey, B. M. (2013): Hedges and Safe Havens: An Examination of Stocks, Bonds, Gold, Oil and Exchange Rates. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29: 202–211.
Flavin, T. J. – Morley, C. E. – Panopoulou, E. (2014): Identifying Safe Haven Assets for Equity Investors through an Analysis of the Stability of Shock Transmission. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 33: 137–154.
Gürgün, G. – Unalmıs, I. (2014): Is Gold a Safe Haven Against Equity Market Investment in Emerging and Developing Countries? Finance Research Letters, 11(4): 341–348.
Hood, M. – Malik, F. (2013): Is Gold the Best Hedge and a Safe Haven Under Changing Stock Market Volatility? Review of Financial Economics, 22(2): 47–52.
Liu, W. (2019): Are Gold and Government Bond Safe‐Haven Assets? An Extremal Quantile Regression Analysis. International Review of Finance, 20(2): 451–483.
Reboredo, J. C. (2013): Is Gold a Safe Haven or a Hedge for the US Dollar? Implications for Risk Management. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(8): 2665–2676.
Reboredo, J. C. – Ugolini, A. (2015): Downside/Upside Price Spillovers between Precious Metals: A Vine Copula Approach. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 34: 84–102.
Sklar, M. (1959): Fonctions de Répartition à n Dimensions et Leurs Marges. Publications de l’Institut Statistique de l’Université de Paris, No. 8, pp. 229–231.
Wen, X. – Cheng, H. (2018): Which is the Safe Haven for Emerging Stock Markets, Gold or the US Dollar? Emerging Markets Review, 35: 69–90.
Yang, L. – Hamori, S. (2014): Gold Prices and Exchange Rates: A Time-Varying Copula Analysis. Applied Financial Economics, 24(1): 41–50.
Zakoian, J. M. (1994): Threshold Heteroskedastic Models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5): 931–955.