During recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of field floriculture, particularly for benefit of small farming businesses that produce seedlings of perennial ornamental plants for the domestic market and for export to neighboring countries. Like other segments of agricultural economies, this industry is threatened by plant diseases, including those associated to phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasmas cause diseases in several commercial cut flower and ornamental plant causing serious economic losses all around the world. Therefore, phytoplasma diseases are the major constraints in profitable ornamental plants production and lowers its quantum and quality gaining international importance because of unspecific symptoms, various losses and diverse epidemiology throughout the world. Epidemics of these diseases have compelled withdrawal of many floriculture plant varieties from cultivation such as gladiolus, lily, chrysanthemum and rose. Symptoms of general yellowing and stunting of plants, proliferation of shoots, phyllody, virescence, reduced size of flowers and reddening of leaves were observed in diverse ornamental plants in botanical gardens and various floriculture farms. Knowledge of the diversity of phytoplasmas has been expanded by recent studies as well as the availability of molecular tools for pathogen identification. The diversity of the potential reservoir of disease has been increased with the discovery of new phytoplasmas hosts. Ornamental plant phytoplasmas showed wide geographical distribution. The ‘ Ca . P. asteris’ belonging to 16SrI group is the major group associated with ornamentals worldwide, so far more than 42 ornamental plant species were reported as phytoplasma infected. Basing on the sequences retrieved from GenBank identified phytoplasmas mainly belong to 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrV, 16SrVI, 16SrVII, 16SrIX, 16SrX, 16SrXII, 16SrXIII and 16SrXV groups. In this review, detailed information on occurrence, symptomatology, molecular characterization, transmission, taxonomy, genetic diversity and management approaches on phytoplasma infecting ornamental plants have been discussed.
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