Tanulmányunkban a gender-medicina egyik központi témájával kapcsolatos kutatásokat tekintjük át: a nemi szerepek és az egészség kapcsolatát, valamint a nemi szerephez kapcsolódó személyiségvonások hatását a krónikus betegségekhez történő alkalmazkodásra. Áttekintjük továbbá az alkalmazkodásban szerepet játszó megküzdési módok és társas támogatás nemi különbségeit is. A nemi szerepek és az egészség kapcsolatában közvetlen módon az egészségmagatartás, s az énképre gyakorolt hatás révén – közvetetten – a szocializációs folyamatoknak van szerepe. A krónikus betegséghez történő alkalmazkodásban jelentős nemi különbségek tapasztalhatók, amelyeket kevésbé a biológiai nem, mint inkább a nemi szerephez kötött személyiségvonások magyaráznak. A tevékenységorientáltság (agency) és a kapcsolatorientáltság (communion), valamint ezek szélsőséges formái, a túlzott tevékenységorientáltság (unmitigated agency) és túlzott kapcsolatorientáltság (unmitigated communion) jelentősen eltérő hatással van az egészségmagatartásra, a társas kapcsolatokra és a betegségekhez történő alkalmazkodásra. Míg a tevékenységorientáltság (T) összefügg a kedvező egészségmagatartással, a kapcsolatorientáltság (K) a támogató kapcsolatokkal, addig e két személyiségvonás túlzott formái kedvezőtlen gyógyulási esélyekkel, rosszabb mentális és fizikai alkalmazkodással és a betegséget követő distresszel mutatnak kapcsolatot.
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