Studia Slavica
Volume/Issue:
Volume 69: Issue 2
Kolokacije leksema rat u hrvatskom jeziku i frazemi s antroponimima Marko i Janko povezani s tematikom rata u hrvatskom, makedonskom i srpskom jeziku: Korpusna analiza i kulturno-lingvističke specifičnosti
Author:
Slavomira Ribarova Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Ivana Lučića 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska

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Pages:
163–180
Online Publication Date:
27 Jan 2025
Publication Date:
07 Feb 2025
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/060.2024.00180
Keywords:
Croatian language; war; Macedonian language; Serbian language; propositional idioms; kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže; provesti se okao Janko na Kosovu; actualizations;
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Rad analizira kolokacije leksema rat u hrvatskom jeziku i dva frazema implicitno povezana s tematikom rata. Obrađuje etimologiju leksema rat u hrvatskom jeziku, njegovo značenje te preklapanje kolokacija potvrđenih statističkim alatima u korpusima (CLASSLA-web.hr Croatian Web i Aranea) i onih u Rječniku hrvatskog jezika V. Anića i na Hrvatskom jezičnom portalu.

Proučavanje kolokacija s leksemom rat u rječnicima i korpusima upućuje na djelomično preklapanje u njihovoj zastupljenosti. Rječnici uključuju kolokacije s višim LogDice vrijednostima, potvrđene u korpusu Aranea (domovinski, svjetski, drugi), ali i kolokacije s nižim LogDice vrijednostima (bratoubilački, rat zvijezda i rat dviju ruža), koje nisu potvrđene korpusnom semantičkom analizom. Rezultati korpusne analize pokazuju da je kolokacija domovinski rat najfrekventnija u hrvatskom jeziku, s izraženom semantičkom povezanošću u korpusu Aranea.

Rad zatim analiza dva kulturno specifična rečenična frazema implicitno povezana s ratnom tematikom: kasno Marko (Janko) na Kosovo stiže i provesti se kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu, te pruža pregled razvoja njihove zajedničke motivacije i etimologije. S obzirom na prisutnost frazema na širem Balkanskom poluotoku, hrvatski frazemi uspoređuju se s ekvivalentima u makedonskom (доцна стигна Марко (Janko) на Косово, помина како Марко на Косово) i srpskom jeziku (kasno Marko (Janko) na Kosovo stiže, proći kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu). Antroponimne komponente u frazemima odnose se na dvije različite osobe, a analiza potvrđuje da izbor antroponima Marko ili Janko ne mijenja semantičko značenje frazema. Međutim, razlike se javljaju u upotrebi frazema proći kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu – u hrvatskim i srpskim varijantama frazem se javlja s oba antroponima, dok je u makedonskom zabilježena samo varijanta s Markom.

Analiza računalnih korpusa za hrvatski, makedonski i srpski jezik ispituje sličnosti i razlike u učestalosti kanonske forme, varijacijama antroponimnih komponenti i aktualizacijama frazema. Rezultati pokazuje da je antroponim Marko znatno češći od Janko te da frazemi imaju najveću frekvenciju u srpskom korpusu. Frazem kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže najfrekventniji je u svim trima jezicima, dok provesti se kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu bilježi znatno manju ili nikakvu frekvenciju. U svim trima jezicima uočena je upotreba posebnih sintagmi za najavu frazema, a zbog duljine, frazemi se ponekad pojavljuju u skraćenoj formi u hrvatskom i u srpskom korpusu, što nije zabilježeno u makedonskom korpusu.

Analiza aktualizicija frazema kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže upućuje na njegov visok kolokacijski potencijal u svim trima jezicima, pri čemu se bilježe aktualizacije na sintagmatskoj i paradigmatskoj razini. U skladu s definicijom ustaljenih aktualizacija prema Moon 2008, bilježe se dva tipa ustaljenih leksikalnih supstitucija: zamjena samo antroponimne komponente Marko ili zamjena obiju onimnih komponenti.

This paper analyzes the collocations of the lexeme rat (war) in the Croatian language, along with two idioms implicitly related to war-related themes. It examines the etymology of the lexeme rat in Croatian, and compares the meaning and collocations confirmed by statistical tools in corpora (CLASSLA-web.hr Croatian Web and Aranea) with those in the Rječnik hrvatskog jezika by V. Anić and Hrvatski jezični portal.

The study of rat collocations in dictionaries and corpus data reveals partial overlap in their representation. Dictionaries include collocations with higher LogDice values, confirmed in the Aranea corpus (domovinski homeland, s vjetski worldly, drugi second), as well as those with lower LogDice values (bratoubilački fratricidal, rat zvijezda star war, and rat dviju ruža war of the two roses), which were not confirmed through corpus-based semantic analysis. Corpus results show that domovinski rat is the most frequent collocation in Croatian, with significant semantic cohesion.

The paper analyzes two culturally specific propositional idioms implicitly linked to war: kasno Marko (Janko) na Kosovo stiže (‘Marko (Janko) arrives late to Kosovo’) and provesti se kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu (‘to end up like Janko (Marko) in Kosovo’), offering thorough analysis of their shared motivation and etymology. Given their presence across the broader Balkan Peninsula, Croatian idioms are compared to their Macedonian (доцна стигна Марко на Косово, помина како Марко на Косово) and Serbian (kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže, proči kao Janko na Kosovu) equivalents. The anthroponymic components refer to two distinct individuals, and the analysis confirms that the choice of Marko or Janko does not alter the idiom’s meaning. However, differences arise in the use of provesti se kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu – both anthroponyms appear in Croatian and Serbian, while only Marko is used in Macedonian.

The analysis of text corpora for Croatian, Macedonian, and Serbian compares the frequency of canonical forms, variations in anthroponymic components, and idiom actualizations. Results indicate that the anthroponym Marko is more frequent than Janko and that the idioms are most frequent in the Serbian corpus. The idiom kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže is the most frequent in all three languages, while provesti se kao Janko (Marko) na Kosovu occurs far less frequently or not at all. All three languages use specific phrases to introduce idioms, and due to length, idioms sometimes appear in abbreviated forms, which were not recorded in the Macedonian corpus.

The analysis of the idiom kasno Marko na Kosovo stiže highlights its high collocational potential in all three languages, with actualizations at both syntagmatic and paradigmatic levels. Following Moon’s 2008 definition of conventionalized actualizations, two types of lexical substitutions are noted: substitution just of the anthroponym Marko or of both onymic components.

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Cover Studia Slavica
Studia Slavica
Print ISSN:
0039-3363
Online ISSN:
1588-290X

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Editor-in-Chief: Róbert KISS SZEMÁN (Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)

Editorial Board

  • Krisztina MENYHÁRT (Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)
  • Péter PÁTROVICS (Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)
  • Siarhiej ZAPRUDSKI (Belarusian State University, Minsk, BLR)

Secretary of the Board

  • Sarolta TÓTHPÁL ((Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)

Advisory Board

  • Krasimira ALEKSOVA (Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, BG)
  • Dalibor DOBIÁŠ (Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ)
  • Joanna GOSZCZIYŃSKA (University of Warsaw, PL)
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  • László JÁSZAY (Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)
  • Marko JESENŠEK (University of Maribor, SLO)
  • Mihály KOCSIS (University of Szeged, HU)
  • Katalin KROÓ (Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, HU)
  • Stefan Michael NEWERKLA (University of Vienna, A)
  • Ivana TARANENKOVÁ (Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK)
  • Dalibor TUREČEK (University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ)
  • Slobodanka Millicent VLADIV-GLOVER (Monash University, Clayton Campus, AUS)
  • Kazimierz WOLNY-ZMORZYŃSKI (University of Silesia in Katowice, PL)
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Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
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