β-mannanases can degrade galactomannans to mannose and it has been used in various application areas. The aim of this study was to produce the β-mannanase from carob pod extract including different nitrogen sources. The best operation values for fermentation were determined to be 8% initial sugar concentration with 0.5% yeast extract, 100 r.p.m., and 7% inoculation rate, which yielded the maximum β-mannanase activity as 423.60 U ml–1. Effects of nitrogen sources on β-mannanase activity were also studied and it reached 695.6 U ml−1 by using 0.5% of ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source at the determined optimum conditions. Results also showed that meat bone meal and soybean meal could be used as cost effective nitrogen sources based on achieved β-mannanase activity.
BOX, G.E.P. & BEHNKEN, D.W. (1960): Some new three level designs for study of quantitative variables. Technometrics, 2, 455–475.
CHEN, X., CAO, Y., DING, Y., LU, W. & LI, D. (2007): Cloning, functional expression and characterization of Aspergillus sulphures ß-mannanase in Pichia pastoris. J. Biotechnol., 128, 452–461.
DHAWAN, S., SINGH, R., KAUR, R. & KAUR, J. (2015): A ß-mannanase from Paenibacillus sp.: Optimization of production and its possible prebiotic potential. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., Jul 29. DOI: 10.1002/bab.1419.
DURUKSU, G., OZTURK, B., BIELY, P., BAKIR, U. & OGEL, Z.B. (2009): Cloning, expression and characterization of endo-beta-1,4-mannanase from Aspergillus fumigatus in Aspergillus sojae and Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol. Progr., 25, 271–276.
EL-SHAROUNY, E.E., EL-TOUKHY, N.M., EL-SERSY, N.A. & EL-GAYAR, A.A.E.A. (2015): Optimization and purification of mannanase produced by an alkaliphilic-thermotolerant Bacillus cereus N1 isolated from Bani Salama Lake in Wadi El-Natron. Biotechnol. Biotec. Eq., 29(2), 315–323.
HUANG, J.L., BAO, L.X., ZOU, H.Y., CHE, S.G. & WANG, G.X. (2012): High-level production of a cold-active ß-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis Bs5 and its molecular cloning and expression. Mol. Genet. Microbiol. Virol., 27(4), 147–153.
KARKACIER, M., ARTIK, N. & CERTEL, M. (1995): The conditions for carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) extraction and clarification of the extract. Fruit Process, 12, 394–397.
KATROLIA, P., YAN, Q., ZHANG, P., ZHOU, P., YANG, S. & JIANG, Z. (2013): Gene cloning and enzymatic characterization of an alkali-tolerant endo-1,4-ß-mannanase from Rhizomucor miehei. J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 394–401.
KURAKAKE, M. & KOMAKI, T. (2001): Production of ß-mannanase and ß-mannosidase from Aspergillus awamori K4 and their properties. Curr. Microbiol., 42(6), 377–380.
LIN, S.S., DOU, W.F., XU, H.Y., LI, H.Z., XU, Z.H. & MA, Y.H. (2007): Optimization of medium composition for the production of alkaline ß-mannanase by alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 using response surface methodology. Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 75, 1015–1022.
LU, H., LUO, H., SHI, P., HUANG, H., MENG, K., YANG, P. & YAO, B. (2014): A novel thermophilic endo-ß-1,4- mannanase from Aspergillus nidulans XZ3: functional roles of carbohydrate-binding module and Thr/Ser rich linker region. Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 98, 2155–2163.
LUO, H., WANG, K., HUANG, H., SHI, P., YANG, P. & YAO, B. (2012): Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of an alkali-tolerant ß-mannanase from Humicola insolens Y1. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 39, 547–555.
MILLER, G.L. (1959): Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31, 426.
OZTURK, B. (2008): Optimization of mannanase production from recombinant Aspergillus sojae and analysis of galactomannan hydrolysis. Master’s thesis. Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
OZTURK, B., CEKMECELIOGLU, D. & OGEL, Z.B. (2010): Optimal conditions for enhanced ß-mannanase production by recombinant Aspergillus sojae. J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym., 64, 135–139.
SONI, H., GANAIE, M.A., PRANAW, K. & KANGO, N. (2015): Design-of-experiment strategy for the production of mannanase biocatalysts using palm kernel cake and its application to degrade locust bean and guar gum. Biocatal. Agr. Biotechnol. (BAB), 97, 101–110.
TURHAN, I., BIALKA, K.L., DEMIRCI, A. & KARHAN, M. (2010a): Ethanol production from carob pod extract by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technol., 101, 5290–5296.
TURHAN, I., BIALKA, L.K., DEMIRCI, A. & KARHAN, M. (2010b): Enhanced lactic acid production from carob extract by Lactobacillus casei using invertase pretreatment. Food Biotechnol., 24, 364–374.
VAN ZYL, W.H., ROSE, S.H., TROLLOPE, K. & GORGENS, J.F. (2010): Fungal ß-mannanases: Mannan hydrolysis, heterologous production and biotechnological applications. Process Biochem., 45, 1203–1213.
WANG, J., SHAO, Z., HONG, Y., LI, C., FU, X. & LIU, Z. (2010): A novel ß-mannanase from Pantoea agglomerans A021: Gene cloning, expression, purification and characterization. World J. Microb. Biot., 26, 1777–1784.
WU, M., TANG, C., LI, J., ZHANG, H. & GUO, J. (2011): Bimutation breeding of Aspergillus niger strain for enhancing ß-mannanase production by solid-state fermentation. Carbohyd. Res., 346, 2149–2155.
YIN, L.J., TAI, H.M. & JIANG, S.T. (2012a): Characterization of mannanase from a novel mannanase-producing bacterium. J. Agr. Food Chem., 60, 6425–6431.
YIN, J.S., LIANG, Q.L., LI, D.M. & SUN, Z.T. (2012b): Optimization of production conditions for ß-mannanase using apple pomace as raw material in solid-state fermentation. Ann. Microbiol., 63, 101–108.
ZHAO, W., ZHENG, J. & ZHOU, H. (2011): A thermotolerant and cold-active mannan endo-1,4-ß-mannosidase from Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88: Constitutive overexpression and high density fermentation in Pichia pastoris. Bioresource Technol., 102, 7538–7547.
ZHENG, J., ZHAO, W., GUO, N., LIN, F., TIAN, J., WU, L. & ZHOU, H. (2012): Development of an industrial medium and a novel fed-batch strategy for high-level expression of recombinant ß-mannanase by Pichia pastoris. Bioresource Technol., 118, 257–264.