This study evaluated the effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on the liver in a model of high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). Fifty rats were allocated to five groups – Control, MS, MS+AMFJ2.5, MS+AMFJ5, and MS+AMFJ10. The control group was fed a standard diet, while the other groups were provided a HFHF diet. During MS induction, daily oral treatment was performed. Control and MS groups received 10.0 mL kg−1 distilled water, while the other three groups received AMFJ at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mL kg−1, respectively. After 10 weeks, liver samples were collected and inspected histologically as well as immunohistochemically to determine the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and MAC387. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was calculated. In MS rats, steatotic, inflammatory and degenerative alterations of the liver were detected, Bax and MAC387 were markedly elevated, while Bcl-2 was non-significantly reduced. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly increased. The histopathological alterations were prevented by the AMFJ treatment. Compared to MS group, Bax and MAC387 values were significantly lower and Bcl-2 value was higher resulting in significantly lower (P < 0.001) Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in all AMFJ-treated groups. AMFJ, administered during MS induction in rats, prevented the occurrence of inflammatory, steatotic, degenerative, and pro-apoptotic changes in the liver.
Aatif, M. (2023). Current understanding of polyphenols to enhance bioavailability for better therapies. Biomedicines, 11(7): 2078.
Alkhouri, N., Gornicka, A., Berk, M.P., Thapaliya, S., Dixon, L.J., Kashyap, S., Schauer, P.R., and Feldstein, A.E. (2010). Adipocyte apoptosis, a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(5): 3428–3438.
Bukke, V.N., Moola, A., Serviddio, G., Vendemiale, G., and Bellanti, F. (2022). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated signaling and metabolic associated fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(48): 6909–6921.
Chambel, S.S., Santos-Gonçalves, A., and Duarte, T.L. (2015). The dual role of Nrf2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: regulation of antioxidant defenses and hepatic lipid metabolism. BioMed Research International, 2015: 597134.
Fadda, L.M., Al-Rasheed, N.M., Hasan, I.H., Ali, H.M., Al-Rasheed, N.M., Al-Fayez, M., Ahmed, A.M., Almutlaq, N., Qasem, N., and Reem Khalaf, R. (2017). Bax and CD68 expression in response to liver injury induced by acetaminophen: the hepatoprotective role of thymoquinone and curcumin. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49(1): 85–93.
Gancheva, S., Zhelyazkova-Savova, M., Galunska, B., and Chervenkov, T. (2015). Experimental models of metabolic syndrome in rats. Scripta Scientifica Medica, 47(2): 14–21.
Kondeva-Burdina, M., Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Markova, T., Mitcheva, M., and Belcheva, A. (2015). Effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on isolated rat hepatocytes. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(Suppl 4): S592–S597.
Lee, C.H., Kuo, C.Y., Wang, C.J., Wang, C.P., Lee, Y.R., Hung, C.N., and Lee, H.J. (2012). A polyphenol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatic steatosis by attenuating the mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 76(4): 646–651.
Piotrowska-Kempisty, H., Nowicki, M., Jodynis-Liebert, J., Kurpik, M., Ewertowska, M., Adamska, T., Oszmiański, J., and Kujawska, M. (2020). Assessment of hepatoprotective effect of chokeberry juice in rats treated chronically with carbon tetrachloride. Molecules (Basel), 25(6): 1268.
Raisova, M., Hossini, A.M., Eberle, J., Riebeling, C., Wieder, T., Sturm, I., Daniel, P.T., Orfanos, C.E., and Geilen, C.C. (2001). The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio determines the susceptibility of human melanoma cells to CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 117(2): 333–340.
Rinaldi, L., Pafundi, P.C., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Morone, M.V., Silvestri, C., Giordano, M., Salvatore, T., and Sasso, F.C. (2021). Mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the metabolic syndrome. A narrative review. Antioxidants (Basel), 10(2): 270.
Sangro, P., de la Torre Aláez, M., Sangro, B., and D'Avola, D. (2023). Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): an update of the recent advances in pharmacological treatment. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 79(4): 869–879.
Subimerb, C., Pinlaor, S., Khuntikeo, N., Leelayuwat, C., Morris, A., McGrath, M.S., and Wongkham, S. (2010). Tissue invasive macrophage density is correlated with prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(4): 597–605.
Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Borisova, P., Galunska, B., Krasnaliev, I., and Belcheva, A. (2004). Hepatoprotective effect of the natural fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in rats. Experimental and toxicologic pathology, Official Journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie, 56(3): 195–201.
Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Popova, P., Galunska, B., and Belcheva, A. (2006). Protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice pretreatment in a model of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Folia Medica, 48(2): 57–62.
Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Denev, P., Krachanova, M., Surleva, A., and Belcheva, A. (2014). Composition and antioxidant activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice. Varna Medical Forum, 3(1): 15–20.
Wang, H., Li, Y., Liu, J., Di, D., Liu, Y., and Wei, J. (2020). Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum L. against alcohol-induced oxidative damage involves Nrf2 signaling. Food Science and Nutrition, 8(12): 6528–6538.