Authors:
Olga Rumyantseva Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19, Dmitry Ulianov Street, 117292, Moscow, Russia

Search for other papers by Olga Rumyantseva in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-6079
,
Alexander Trifonov Optec Group/ZEISS Russia & CIS, 29, Serebryannicheskaya Naberezhnaya, 109028, Moscow, Russia

Search for other papers by Alexander Trifonov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Dmitry Khanin Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskiye Gory, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Academician Osip'yan Street, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia

Search for other papers by Dmitry Khanin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-0731
,
Maria Chervyakovskaya The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Common Use Centre “Geoanalyst”, 15 Academician Vonsovsky Street, 620016, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Search for other papers by Maria Chervyakovskaya in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-5433
, and
Vasiliy Chervyakovskiy The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Common Use Centre “Geoanalyst”, 15 Academician Vonsovsky Street, 620016, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Search for other papers by Vasiliy Chervyakovskiy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-6819
Restricted access

Abstract

The chemical composition of 42 samples of raw glass from the Komarov settlement on the Middle Dniester was studied by means of SEM-EDS, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses. We singled out groups of colourless glass of Levantine and Egyptian origin, the chronology of which indicates that the workshop could be dated to the 4th – early 5th century. The data on the chemical composition of the raw glass do not confirm that glassmaking industry existed here in an earlier period, as was previously believed. The manufacturing in Komarov combines the use of high-quality perfectly decolourized raw glass with intensive use of cullet, which might point out either different levels of the glassware manufactured here, or selective recycling. The characteristic features of the workshop's raw glass supply are the absence of the HIMT glass and late spread of antimony-decolourized glass.

  • Barfod, G.H., Freestone, I.C., Lesher, C.E., and Lichtenberger, R. (2020). ‘Alexandrian’ glass confirmed by hafnium isotopes. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 11322. nature.com.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bidegaray, A.I., Cosyns, P., Gratuze, B., Terryn, H., Godet, S., NysK., and Ceglia, A. (2019). On the making, mixing and trading of glass from the Roman military fort at Oudenburg (Belgium). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11: 23852405.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brill, R.H. (1970). The chemical interpretation of the texts. In: Oppenheim, A.L., Brill, R.H., Barag, D., and von Saldern, A. (Eds.), Glass and glassmaking in ancient Mesopotamia. Corning Museum of Glass, New York, pp. 105128.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brill, R.H. (1988). Scientific investigations of the Jalame glass and related finds. In: Weinberg, G.D. (Ed.), Excavations at Jalame. Site of a glass factory in late Roman Palestine. University of Missouri, Columbia, pp. 257294.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ceglia, A., Cosyns, P., Schibille, N., and Meulebroeck, W. (2017). Unravelling provenance and recycling of late antique glass from Cyprus with trace elements. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(4): 279291.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cholakova, A. and Rehren, T. (2018). A Late antique manganese-decolourised glass composition: Interpreting patterns and mechanisms of distribution. In: Rosenow, D., Phelps, M., MeekA., and Freestone, I. (Eds.), Things that travelled: Mediterranean glass in the first millennium CE. UCL Press, London, pp. 4671.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cholakova, A., Rehren, T., and Freestone, I.C. (2016). Compositional identification of 6th c. AD glass from the Lower Danube. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 7: 625632.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • De Huan Ares, J., Vigil-Escalera Guirada, A., Cáceres Gutiérrez, Y., and Schibille, N. (2019). Changes in the supply of eastern Mediterranean glasses to Visigothic Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 107: 2331.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Degryse, P. (Ed.) (2014). Glass making in the Greco-Roman world. Studies in Archaeological Sciences, 4. Leuven University Press, Leuven.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Drauschke, J. and Greiff, S. (2010). Chemical aspects of Byzantine glass from Caričin Grad/Iustiniana Prima (Serbia). In: Drauschke, J. and Keller, D. (Eds.), Glass in Byzantium – Production, usage, analyses. International workshop organised by the Byzantine Archaeology Mainz, 17th–18th of January 2008, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum – Glas in Byzanz. Produktion, Verwendung, Analysen. Internationaler Workshop der Byzantinischen Archäologie Mainz, 17–18. Januar 2008, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. RGZM-Tagungen, 8. Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz, pp. 2546.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fontaine, S. and Foy, D. (2007). Lˈépave Ouest Embiez 1, Var : Le commerce maritime du verre brut et manufacturé en Méditerranée occidentale dans lˈAntiquité. Revue archéologique de la Narbonnaise, 40: 235268.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foster, H.E. and Jackson, C.M. (2009). The composition of “naturally coloured” late Roman vessel glass from Britain and the implications for models of glass production and supply. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36: 189204.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foster, H.E., and Jackson, C.M. (2010). The composition of late Romano-British colourless vessel glass: glass production and consumption. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37: 30683080.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foy, D., Vichy, M., and Picon, M. (2000). Les matières premières du verre et la question des produits semi-finis. Antiquité et Moyen Age. In: Arts du feu et productions artisanales. XXe Rencontres internationales dˈArchéologie et dˈHistoire dˈAntibes. Actes des rencontres, 21–22–23 octobre 1999. APDCA, Antibes, pp. 419433.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foy, D., Picon, M., Vichy, M., and Thirion-Merle, V. (2003). Caractérisation des verres de la fin de lˈAntiquité en Méditerranée occidentale: lˈémergence de nouveaux courants commerciaux. In: Foy, D. and Nenna, M.-D. (Eds.), Échanges et commerce du verre dans le monde antique. Actes du colloque de lˈAFAV. Aix-en-Provence et Marceille, 7–9 juin 2001. Éditions Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, pp. 4185.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foy, D., Thirion-Merle, V., and Vichy, M. (2004). Contribution à lˈétude des verres antiques décolorés à lˈantimoine. Revue dˈArchéométrie, 28: 169177.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freestone, I.C. (2015). The recycling and reuse of Roman glass: analytical approaches. Journal of Glass Studies, 57: 2940.

  • Freestone, I.C. (2020). Apollonia glass and its markets: an analytical perspective. In: Tal, O. (Ed.), Apollonia-Arsuf. Final report of the excavations, Vol. II: Excavations outside the medieval town walls. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, pp. 341348.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freestone, I.C., Gorin-Rosen, Y., and Hughes, M.J. (2000). Composition of primary glass from Israel. In: Nenna, M.-D. (Ed.), La route du verre. Ateliers primaires et secondaires de verriers du second millinaire av. J.-C. au Moyen-Age. Travaux de la Maison de lˈOrient méditerranéen, 33. Maison de lˈOrient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, Lyon, pp. 6584.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freestone, I.C., Degryse, P., Lankton, J., Gratuze, B., and Schneider, J. (2018). HIMT glass composition and commodity branding in the primary glass industry. In: Rosenow, D., Phelps, M., Meek, A., and Freestone, I. (Eds.), Things that travelled: Mediterranean glass in the first millennium CE. UCL Press, London, pp. 159190.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ganio, M., Boyen, S., Brems, D., Scott, R., Foy, D., Latruwe, K., Molin, G., Silvestri, A., Vanhaecke, F., and Degryse, P., (2012). Trade routes across Mediterranean: a Sr/Nd isotopic investigation on Roman colourless glass. Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science Technology, Part A, 53(5): 217224.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gavritukhin, I. (2011). Cut Glass Beakers within the Context of Studies in the Connections between the South of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in the Late Period of Roman Influence and the Great Migration Periods. In: Khrapunov, I., and Stylegar, F.-A. (Eds.), Inter Ambo Maria: Contacts between Scandinavia and the Crimea in the Roman Period. “Dolya” Publishing House, Kristiansand and Simferopol, pp. 3969.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gliozzo, E., Lepri, B., Sagui, L., and Turbanti Memmi, I. (2015). Colourless glass from the Palantine and Esquiline hills in Rome (Italy). New data on antimony- and manganese-decoloured glass in the Roman period. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 9(2): 165180.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gratuze, B. (2018). Contribution à lˈétude des verres décolorés à l’antimoine. In: Foy, D., Labaune-Jean, F., Leblond, C., Martin Pruvot, Ch., Marty, M.-Th., Massart, C., Munier, C., Robin, L., and Roussel-Ode, J. (Eds.), Verres incolores de lˈAntiquité romaine en Gaule et aux marges de la Gaule, Vol. 2: Typologie – analyses. Archaeopress Roman archaeology, 42. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 682714.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jackson, C. and Foster, H. (2014). The last Roman glass in Britain: recycling at the periphery of the empire. In: Keller, D., Price, J., and Jackson, C. (Eds.), Neighbours and successors of Rome. Traditions of glass production and use in Europe and the Middle East in the later 1st millennium AD. Oxbow, Oxford, Philadelphia, pp. 614.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jackson, C.M. and Paynter S. (2016). A great big melting pot: Exploring patterns of glass supply, consumption and recycling in Roman Coppergate, York. Archaeometry, 58(1): 6895.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Maltoni, S., Silvestri, A., Marcante, A., and Molin, G. (2016). The transition from Roman to Late Antique glass: new insights from the Domus of Tito Macro in Aquileia (Italy). Journal of Archaeological Science, 73: 116.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marić-Stojanović, M., Šmit, Ž., Glumac, M., and Mutić, J. (2015). PIXE-PIGE investigation of Roman Imperial vessels and window glass from M. Kosmaj, Serbia (Moesia Superior). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 1: 5363.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Meek, A. (2013). ‘Gold Glass in Late Antiquity: Scientific Analysis of the British Museum Collection’. In: Entwistle, C. and James, L. (Eds.) New Light on Old Glass: Recent Research on Byzantine Glass and Mosaics (British Museum Research Publication 179). British Museum, London, pp. 12130.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nenna, M.-D. (2014). Egyptian glass abroad: HIMT glass and its markets. In: Keller, D., Price, J., and Jackson, C. (Eds.), Neighbours and successors of Rome. Traditions of glass production and use in Europe and the Middle East in the later 1st millennium AD .Oxbow, Oxford, Philadelphia, pp. 177193.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nenna, M.-D., Picon, M., and Vichy, M. (1997). Lˈatelier de verrier de Lyon du Ier siècle apr. J.-C, et lˈorigine des verres « romains ». Revue dˈArchéométrie, 21: 8187.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Norman, M.D., Pearson, N.J., Sharma, A., and Griffin, W.L. (1996). Quantitative analysis of trace elements in geological materials by laser ablation ICP-MS: instrumental operating conditions and calibration values of NIST glasses. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 20(2): 247261.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Perrot, P.N. (1988). Introduction. In: Weinberg, G.D. (Ed.), Excavations at Jalame. Site of a glass factory in late Roman Palestine. University of Missouri, Columbia, pp. XIXII.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Petrauskas, O. (2014).Komariv – ein Werkstattzentrum barbarischen Europas aus spätrömischer Zeit (Forschungsgeschichte, einige Ergebnisse und mögliche Perspektiven). Ephemeris Napocensis, 24: 87116.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Phelps, M., Freestone, I.C., Gorin-Rosen, Y., and Gratuze, B. (2016). Natron glass production and supply in the late antique and early medieval Near East: the effect of the Byzantine-Islamic transition. Journal of Archaeological Science, 75: 5771.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rau, G. (1972). Körpergräber mit Glasbeigaben des 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts im Oder-Weichsel-Raum. Acta praehistorica et archaeologica, 3: 109214.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosenow, D. and Rehren, Th. (2014). Herding cats – Roman to late antique glass groups from Bubastis, northern Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Science, 49: 170184.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O.S. (2014). Румянцева, О.С., Стекольная Мастерская в Комарове: характер и особенности производственного комплекса [Late Roman workshop at Komarov, Middle Dniester: a review of a glass working evidence]. In: Петраускас, О.В., and Горбаненко, С.А. (Eds.), Черняхівська культура: до 120-річчя від дня народження В.П. Петрова. Oium, 4. ІА НАН України, Ін-т історичної освіtи НПУ ім М.П. Драгоманова, Київ, pp. 184196.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O. (2017). Румянцева, О.С., Стеклоделие за лимесом: новые данные об организации производства и хронологии мастерской в Комарове [Glass working beyond the limes: manufacturing organization and the chronology of the Komarov workshop]. Stratum plus, 4: 141164.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O. (2022). Румянцева, О.С., Стекло могильника Фронтовое 3 в Юго-Западном Крыму: хронология, динамика распространения и производственные центры (по данным химического состава) [Glass vessels in Frontovoe 3 burial ground in the Southwestern Crimea. Chronology, distribution dynamics and production centres, by data of chemical composition]. Материалы по археологии, истории и этнографии Таврии, 27: 72116.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O. and Belikov, K. (2017a). A late Roman glass workshop at Komarov (Middle Dniester) and the problem of the origin of ‘Barbarian’ facet cut beakers. In: Wolf, S. and de Pury-Gysel, A. (Eds.), Annales du 20e Congrès de lˈAssociation Internationale pour lˈHistoire du Verre. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Romont, pp. 257264.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O.S. and Belikov, K.N. (2017b). Румянцева, О.С., Беликов, К.Н., Химический состав и происхождение стекла-сырца из подводного раскопа Фанагории: уточненные данные [Chemical composition and origins of raw glass from the underwater excavation area of Phanagoria: corrected data]. Российская археология, 2017(1): 124130.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O., and Shcherbakov, I. (2015). Румянцева, О.С., Щербаков, И.Б.-Х., Краткие итоги изучения состава стекла-сырца с поселения Комаров на Среднем Днестре [Composition of raw glass from the Komarov settlement on the Middle Dniester: Summary of study results]. Краткие сообщения Института археологии, 241: 184190.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O. and Shcherbakov, I. (2016). Румянцева, О.С., Щербаков, И.Б., Стекло-сырец с поселения Комаров на Среднем Днестре: химический состав и данные о характере и хронологии стеклоделательного комплекса позднеримского времени [Raw glass from Komarov settlement on the Middle Dniester: chemical composition and new data on the features and chronology of a late Roman glass workshop]. Stratum plus, 4: 299315.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O., Lyubichev, M., Petrauskas, O., Chervyakovskaya, M., Khanin, D., and Trifonov, A. (2021). ‘Barbarian’ beakers with facet cut decoration: composition, origin, social and cultural context. In: Sevindik, O. (Ed.), Annales du 21e Congrès de lˈAssociation Internationale pour lˈHistoire du Verre. AIHV, Istanbul, pp. 333338.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rumyantseva, O., Lyubichev, M., Chervyakovskaya, M., Khanin, D., and Trifonov, A. (forthcoming). Chemical composition of glass from the archaeological complex Vojtenki 1 and the origin of facet cut beakers of the Chernyakhov culture. In:Glassware in the Roman provinces and Barbaricum. Proceedings of the conference, dedicated to the centenary of archaeology at the University of Warsaw.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sayre, E.V. and Smith, R.W. (1961). Compositional categories of ancient glass. Science, 133: 18241826.

  • Schibille, N., and Freestone, I. (2013). Composition, production and procurement of glass at San Vincenzo al Volturno: An Early Medieval monastic complex in Southern Italy. PLoS One, 8(10): Article e76479.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schibille, N., Sterrett-Krause, A., and Freestone, I.C. (2017). Glass groups, glass supply and recycling in late Roman Carthage. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 9(6): 12231241.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shchapova, Yu.L. (1983). Щапова, Ю.Л., Очерки истории древнего стеклоделия (по материалам долины Нила, Ближнего Востока и Европы) [Essays on the history of ancient glassmaking (based on the materials of the Nile Valley, the Middle East and Europe). Изд-во МГУ, Mосква.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shchukin, M.B. (2005). Щукин, М.Б., Готский путь: готы, Рим и черняховская культура [Gothic way (Goths, Rome and Chernyakhov culture)]. Филологический факультет СПбГУ, Санкт-Петербург.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Silvestri, A., Molin, G., and Salviulo, G. (2008). The colourless glass of Iulia Felix. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35: 331341.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Silvestri, A., Molin, G., and Salviulo, G. (2008). The colourless glass of Iulia Felix. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35: 331341.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smishko, M.Yu. (1964). Смішко, М.Ю., Поселення III–IV ст. н.е. із слідами скляного виробництва біля с. Комарів Чернівецької області [Settlement of the III–IV century with traces of glass production near the village, Komarov Chernivtsi region]. Материалы і дослідження з археології Прікарпаття і Волині, 5: 6780.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thirion-Merle, V. and Vichy, M. (2007). Annexe: Note sur la composition chimique des verres de lˈépave des Embiez. In : Fontaine, S. and Foy, D., Lˈépave Ouest-Embiez 1, Var : le commerce maritime du verre brut et manufacturé en Méditerranée occidentale dans lˈAntiquité. Revue archéologique de la Narbonnaise, 40: 266268.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vincenzi, E.P., Eggins, S., Logan, A., and Wysoczanski, R. (2002). Microbeam characterization of Corning archaeological reference glasses: new additions to the Smithsonian microbeam standard collection. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 107: 719727.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collapse
  • Expand

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: 
Elek BENKŐ
Dénes GABLER

Editorial Board

  • Csanád BÁLINT (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Régészeti Intézet)
  • Ádám BOLLÓK (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Régészeti Intézet)
  • Miklós SZABÓ (Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Bölcsészettudományi Kar, Régészettudományi Intézet)
  • Gabriella KULCSÁR (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Régészeti Intézet)
  • Gilbert KAENEL (Musée cantonal d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de Lausanne)
  • Janusz K. KOZŁOWSKI (Uniwersytet Jagiellonska, Krakow)
  • Falko DAIM (Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz)
  • Judit SOLTI (Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Régészeti Intézet)

 

ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA
Tóth Kálmán u. 4.
H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: (36 1) 375 9011
Fax: (36 1) 224 6719
gabler.denes@abtk.hu

 

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • International Bibliographies IBZ and IBR
  • Scopus

 

2023  
Scopus  
CiteScore 0.6
CiteScore rank Q2 (Archeology - Arts and Humanities)
SNIP 0.916
Scimago  
SJR index 0.223
SJR Q rank Q2

Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Publication Model Hybrid
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 900 EUR/article
Printed Color Illustrations 40 EUR (or 10 000 HUF) + VAT / piece
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription fee 2025 Online subsscription: 632 EUR / 695 USD
Print + online subscription: 728 EUR / 800 USD
Subscription Information Online subscribers are entitled access to all back issues published by Akadémiai Kiadó for each title for the duration of the subscription, as well as Online First content for the subscribed content.
Purchase per Title Individual articles are sold on the displayed price.

Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
1951
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
2
Founder Magyar Tudományos Akadémia  
Founder's
Address
H-1051 Budapest, Hungary, Széchenyi István tér 9.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0001-5210 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2551 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Jul 2024 33 0 0
Aug 2024 41 0 0
Sep 2024 38 0 0
Oct 2024 152 1 1
Nov 2024 109 0 0
Dec 2024 55 0 0
Jan 2025 25 0 0