Cereal Research Communications
Volume/Issue:
Volume 37: Issue 4
Irrigation timing in maize by using the crop water stress index (CWSI)
Author:
A. Anda University of Pannonia Georgikon Faculty P.O. Box 71 H-8361 Keszthely Hungary

Search for other papers by A. Anda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
603–610
Online Publication Date:
23 Dec 2009
Publication Date:
01 Dec 2009
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/crc.37.2009.4.15
Keywords:
maize irrigation; crop water stress index (CWSI); arid and humid seasons
Restricted access

The aim of the investigation was to determine if the CWSI could be used to determine when the irrigation water should be applied to maize under Hungarian changeable weather. Three water treatments were applied: “Ad libitum” watering in lysimeter’s growing chambers, irrigated treatment (use of CWSI), and rainfed control. The theoretical approximation of crop water stress index was applied in our long-term investigation. Among the 17 consecutive seasons between 1989 and 2005 included in the study there were seven arid and four humid seasons. The remaining summers had semi-humid character. To represent the influence of drought on water stress index of maize we chose the year of 2000, the driest and warmest season from the beginning of weather observations of Keszthely. As a counterpoint stress index results of 1997 served as an example of humid seasons. The degree of the deviation in CWSI as a result of different weather may vary, but the tendency in arid or humid seasons remained the same. The basic parameter of CWSI, the canopy temperatures were measured using a hand-held infrared thermometer. Relevant meteorological and plant data were collected locally. Our final conclusion was that there is no problem in use of CWSI during arid summers, where radiation is undisturbed and the cloudiness does not disturb the canopy temperature sampling. In arid seasons increases in assimilatory surface size and yield of maize in irrigated treatments were between 20–35% and 10–30%, respectively. The extra production seems to be enough to cover the irrigation costs. There is also no problem in humid seasons, where the sky is often covered by clouds, but there is no need to irrigate maize in Hungary. In semi-humid weather not only the environmental circumstances may disturb the plant temperature measurements and calculation of CWSI (doubtful results caused by changeable radiation and wind), but the probable yield surplus — below 5% — is also negligible. The irrigation costs are higher than the production gain during semi-humid seasons. In Hungary about one third of the seasons have characteristics of an arid weather where sampling of canopy temperatures provides reliable basis to calculate CWSI and plan irrigation timing.

  • Abraham, N., Hema, P.S., Saritha, E.K., Subramannian, S. 2000. Irrigation automation based on soil electrical conductivity and leaf temperature. Agric. Water Management 45 :145–157.

    Subramannian S. , 'Irrigation automation based on soil electrical conductivity and leaf temperature ' (2000 ) 45 Agric. Water Management : 145 -157 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Anda, A. 1993. Surface temperature as an important parameter of plant stand. Idõjárás 97 :259–269. (In Hungarian)

    Anda A. , 'Surface temperature as an important parameter of plant stand ' (1993 ) 97 Idõjárás : 259 -269 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Anda, A. 2001a. Micro-meteorological observations and modification of canopy microclimate. DSc Thesis. Budapest, Hungary, 149 pp. (In Hungarian)

  • Anda, A. 2001b. Influence of crop water stress index on the development of different maize hybrids. Georgikon for Agric. 12 :40–54.

    Anda A. , 'Influence of crop water stress index on the development of different maize hybrids ' (2001 ) 12 Georgikon for Agric. : 40 -54 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Anda, A. 2002. Slices of plant-water relation in reflection to investigations carried out at Agrometeorological Research Station of Keszthely. Idõjárás 106 :137–160. (In Hungarian)

    Anda A. , 'Slices of plant-water relation in reflection to investigations carried out at Agrometeorological Research Station of Keszthely ' (2002 ) 106 Idõjárás : 137 -160 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Anda, A. 2003. Remotely-sensed canopy temperatures used for irrigation timing linked to crop water stress index (CWSI). Supplement of International Conference on Water-saving Agriculture and Sustainable Use of Water and Land Resources (ICWSAWLR), Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 26–29 October 2003. p. 14. (Abstract in J. of Experimental Bot. Suppl. 1 :54.)

  • Anda, A., Ligetvári, F. 1991. Infrared Thermometry in Scheduling Irrigation. ICID Bulletin, Spec. Tech. Session, Beijing, China 1-B:210–220.

    Ligetvári F. , 'Infrared Thermometry in Scheduling Irrigation ' (1991 ) 1-B ICID Bulletin, Spec. Tech. Session, Beijing, China : 210 -220 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Bajwa, S., Vories, E. 2007. Spatial analysis of cotton canopy responses to irrigation in a moderately humid area. Irrig. Sci. 25 :429–441.

    Vories E. , 'Spatial analysis of cotton canopy responses to irrigation in a moderately humid area ' (2007 ) 25 Irrig. Sci. : 429 -441 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Clawson, K. L., Blad, B. L. 1982. Infrared thermometry for scheduling irrigation of corn. Agron. J. 74 :311–316.

    Blad B. L. , 'Infrared thermometry for scheduling irrigation of corn ' (1982 ) 74 Agron. J. : 311 -316 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Gardner, B. R., Blad, B.L., Mauer, R.E., Watts, D.G. 1981. Relationship between crop temperature and physiological and phenological development of differentially irrigated corn. Agron. J. 73 :743–747.

    Watts D.G. , 'Relationship between crop temperature and physiological and phenological development of differentially irrigated corn ' (1981 ) 73 Agron. J. : 743 -747 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Idso, S. B., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, Jr., P.J., Reginato, R.J., Hatfield, J.L. 1981. Normalizing the stress degree parameter for environmental variability. Agric. Meteorol. 24 :45–55.

    Hatfield J.L. , 'Normalizing the stress degree parameter for environmental variability ' (1981 ) 24 Agric. Meteorol. : 45 -55 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Irmak, S., Dorota Z., Haman and Ruhi Bastug, 2000. Determination of crop water stress index for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agron. J. 92 :1221–1227.

    Bastug R. , 'Determination of crop water stress index for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn ' (2000 ) 92 Agron. J. : 1221 -1227 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Jackson, R.D. 1982. Canopy temperature and crop water stress. Advances in Irrigation 1 :43–85.

    Jackson R.D. , 'Canopy temperature and crop water stress ' (1982 ) 1 Advances in Irrigation : 43 -85 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Jensen, H.E., Svendsen, H., Jensen, S.E., Mogensen, V.O. 1990. Canopy-air temperature of crops grown under different irrigation regimes in a temperature humid climate. Irrig. Sci. 11 :181–188.

    Mogensen V.O. , 'Canopy-air temperature of crops grown under different irrigation regimes in a temperature humid climate ' (1990 ) 11 Irrig. Sci. : 181 -188 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Keener, M.E., Kirchner, P.L. 1983. The use of canopy temperature as an indicator of drought stress in humid regions. Agric. Meteorol. 28 :339–349.

    Kirchner P.L. , 'The use of canopy temperature as an indicator of drought stress in humid regions ' (1983 ) 28 Agric. Meteorol. : 339 -349 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kocsis, T., Anda, A. 2006. A csapadék alakulása a keszthelyi hosszú idõsoros meteorológiai megfigyelések alapján (Long-term investigations on precipitation at Keszthely). J. Central Eur. Agric. 7 :699–708.

    Anda A. , 'A csapadék alakulása a keszthelyi hosszú idõsoros meteorológiai megfigyelések alapján ' (2006 ) 7 J. Central Eur. Agric. : 699 -708 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kumar, V.P., Ramakrishna Y.S., Bhaskara Rao, D.V., Sridhar G., Srinivasa Rao, G., Rao, G.G.S.N. 2005. Use of remote sensing for drought stress monitoring, yield prediction and varietal evaluation in castor beans ( Ricinus communis L.). Int. J. Remote Sensing 26 :5525–5534.

    Rao G.G.S.N. , 'Use of remote sensing for drought stress monitoring, yield prediction and varietal evaluation in castor beans (Ricinus communis L.) ' (2005 ) 26 Int. J. Remote Sensing : 5525 -5534 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kumar, V.P., Ramakrishna, Y.S., Ramana Rao, B.V., Khandgonda, I.R., Victor, U.S., Srivastava, N.N., Rao, G.G.S.N. 1999. Assessment of plant-extractable soil water in castor beans ( Ricinus communis L.) using infrared thermometry. Agric. Water Management 39 :69–83.

    Rao G.G.S.N. , 'Assessment of plant-extractable soil water in castor beans (Ricinus communis L ' (1999 ) 39 using infrared thermometry. Agric. Water Management : 69 -83 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Payero, J.O., Merlin, S.R., Irmak, S., Tarkalson, D. 2006. Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semi-arid climate. Agric. Water Management 84 :101–112.

    Tarkalson D. , 'Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semi-arid climate ' (2006 ) 84 Agric. Water Management : 101 -112 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Penman, H. L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. of the Royal Soc. A. 193 :120–145.

    Penman H. L. , 'Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass ' (1948 ) 193 Proc. of the Royal Soc. A. : 120 -145 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Pennington, D.A., Heatherly, L. 1989. Effects of changing solar radiation on canopy-air temperature of cotton and soybean. Agric. Forest Met. 46 :1–14.

    Heatherly L. , 'Effects of changing solar radiation on canopy-air temperature of cotton and soybean ' (1989 ) 46 Agric. Forest Met. : 1 -14 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • STATA 5.0 (1996) Stata Corporation LP Texas, USA, www.stata.com

  • Svendsen, H., Jensen, H.E., Jensen, S.E., Mogensen, V.O. 1991. Crop canopy temperature and meteorological conditions. in: Thomson, A., Jensen, A., Jensen, H.E. (eds), Proc. from the Workshop on Remote Sensing. Sastrup Castle, Grena, Denmark.

  • Wanjura, D.F., Upchurch, D.R. 1997. Accounting for humidity in canopy-temperature-controlled irrigation scheduling. Agric. Water Management 34 :217–231.

    Upchurch D.R. , 'Accounting for humidity in canopy-temperature-controlled irrigation scheduling ' (1997 ) 34 Agric. Water Management : 217 -231 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Wanjura, D.F., Upchurch, D.R., Mahan, J.R. 2006. Behaviour of temperature-based water stress indicators in BIOTIC-controlled irrigation. Irrig. Sci. 24 :223–232.

    Mahan J.R. , 'Behaviour of temperature-based water stress indicators in BIOTIC-controlled irrigation ' (2006 ) 24 Irrig. Sci. : 223 -232 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover Cereal Research Communications
Cereal Research Communications A Quarterly of the Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd. Company
Print ISSN:
0133-3720
Online ISSN:
1788-9170

 

 

To see the editorial board, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Manuscript Submission: HERE

 

 

For subscription options, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Cereal Research Communications
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1973
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0133-3720 (Print)
ISSN 1788-9170 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Apr 2024 31 0 0
May 2024 8 0 0
Jun 2024 12 0 0
Jul 2024 8 0 0
Aug 2024 23 0 0
Sep 2024 4 0 0
Oct 2024 0 0 0