Cereal Research Communications
Volume/Issue:
Volume 44: Issue 2
Quantification of Mineral Composition and Total Protein Content in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes
Authors:
A. S. Gerrano University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
Agricultural Research Council – Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Search for other papers by A. S. Gerrano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
M. T. Labuschagne University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa

Search for other papers by M. T. Labuschagne in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
A. van Biljon University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa

Search for other papers by A. van Biljon in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
N. G. Shargie Agricultural Research Council – Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

Search for other papers by N. G. Shargie in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
272–285
Online Publication Date:
Jun 2016
Publication Date:
01 Jun 2016
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.43.2015.046
Keywords:
mineral content; principal component analysis; protein; sorghum
Restricted access

Sorghum is a drought tolerant cereal and staple food which is a dietary source of protein and more than 20 minerals. The concentration of the mineral elements and protein content in sorghum varies due to genotypic and environmental influences and genotype by environment interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the contents of eight mineral elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, Zn and Mg) and protein in sorghum genotypes. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in mineral and protein contents. There was a significant relationship between Zn and Fe and between protein and P and Zn. The principal component (PC) analysis showed that Fe, Mn, P, Zn and protein contributed largely to clustering of the genotypes in PC1; Ca, P and Mg to PC2 and Ca, K and Na to PC3. The presence of a considerable amount of compositional variability of mineral and protein contents among tested genotypes suggests that they can be a valuable source of genes for nutritional quality improvement of sorghum.

  • Agrobase 2005. Generation II. Agronomix Software Inc. 71 Waterloo, St.Winnipeg, Manitoba R3NOS4, Canada.

  • Anglani, C. 1998. Sorghum for human food: A review. Plant Foods and Hum. Nutr. 52:85–89.

  • Asha, V.B., Geetha, K., Sheela, K., Dhanapa, G.N. 2005. Nutritional composition of sorghum and moth bean incorporated traditional recipes. J. Hum. Ecol. 17:201–203.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Awadelkareem, A.M.A. 2002. Characterization and utilization of sorghum and millet wet-melting proteins in bread system. MSc. Thesis. University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Awadelkareem, A.M., Muralikrishn, G., El Tinay, A.H., Mustafa, A.I. 2009. Characterization of tannin and study of in vitro protein digestibility and mineral profile of Sudan and Indian sorghum cultivars. Pakistan J. Nutr. 8:469–476.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Badi, W.H.I. 2004. Effect of processing on antinutritional factors and mineral bioavailability of sorghum. PhD Thesis. University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Benzian, B., Darby, R.J., Lane, P., Widdowson, F.V., Verstreten, L.M.J. 1983. Relationship between N concentration of grain and grain yield in recent winter-wheat experiments in England and Belgium, some with large yields. J. Sci. Food Agric. 34:685–695.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • BSTID-NRC (Board on Science and Technology for International Development National Research Council). 1996. Lost Crops of Africa. Academic Press. Washington, D.C., USA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brown, K.H., Wnehler, S.E. 2002. Zinc and Human Health. Results of Recent Trial and Implications for Programme Interventions and Research. Micronutrient initiative. Ottawa Canada International Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chatfield, C., Collin, A.J. 1980. Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. Chapman and Hall in association with Methuen, Inc. New York, NY, USA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dicko, M.H., Gruppen, H., Traore, A.S., Alphons, G.J., Voragen, A.G.J., van Berkel, W.J.H. 2006. Sorghum grain as human food in Africa: Relevance of content of starch and amylase activities. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5:384–395.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ebadi, M.R., Pourreza, J., Jamalian, J., Edris, M.A., Samie, A.H., Mirhadi, S.A. 2005. Amino acid content and availability in low medium and high tannin sorghum grain for poultry. Int. J. Poult. Sci 1:27–31.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Glew, R.H., Vanderjagt, D.J., Lockett, C., Grivetti, L.E., Smith, G.C., Pastuszyn, A., Millson, M. 1997. Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral composition of 24 indigenous plants of Burkina Faso. J. Food Comp. Anal. 10:205–217.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gorz, H.J., Haskins, F.A., Pedersen, J.F., Ross, W.M. 1987. Combining ability effects for mineral elements in forage sorghum hybrids. Crop Sci. 27:216–219.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hair, J.F., Andrson, J.R., Tatham, R.E., Black, W.C. 1998. Multivariate data analysis, 5th ed. Prentice-Hall International, Inc. London, UK.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hintze, J.L. 2004. NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical Systems). Kaysville, Utah, Canada.

  • Idris, W.H., Abdel Rahaman, S.M., Elmaki, H.B., Babiker, E.E., EI Tinay, A.H. 2007. Effect of malt treatment on HCL extractability of calcium, phosphorus and iron of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) cultivars. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 42:194–199.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jimoh, W.L.O., Abdullahi, M.S. 2011. Analysis of some mineral elements in selected sorghum cultivars. Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci. 4:56–58.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johnson, D.E. 1998. Applied Multivariate Method for Data Analysis. Duxbury Press. Pacific Grove, California, USA.

  • Khalil, J.K., Sawaya, W.N., Al Mohammed, H.M. 1984. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of sorghum flour and bread. Qual. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 34:141–150.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Klopfenstein, C.F., Hoseney, R.C. 1995. Nutritional properties of sorghum and the millets. In: Dendy, D.A.V. (ed.), Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem. St Paul, MN, USA. pp. 125–168.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lasztity, R. 1996. The Chemistry of Cereal Proteins. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL, USA.

  • Léder, I. 2004. Sorghum and millets. In: Fuleky, G. (ed.), Cultivated Plants, Primarily as Food Sources. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO. EOLSS Publisher. Oxford, UK (http://www.eolss.net).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Miller, J., Boswell, F.C. 1976. Mineral composition of liver and kidney of rats fed corn, sorghum, and soybean grain grown with sewage sludges and NPK fertilizers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:935–938.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mohammed, N.A., Mohamed Ahmed, I.A., Babiker, E.E. 2010. Nutritional evaluation of sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) during processing of injera. Int. J. Biol. Life Sci. 6:1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mokrane, H., Amoura, H., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N., Courtin, C.M., Delcour, J.A., Nadjemi, B. 2010. Assessment of Algerian sorghum protein quality using amino acid analysis and in vitro pepsin digestibility. Food Chem. 121:719–723.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Morgounov, A., Gomez-Becerra, H.F., Abugalieva, A., Dzhunusova, M., Yessimbekova, M., Muminjanov, H., Zelenskiy, Y., Ozturk, L., Cakmak, I. 2007. Iron and zinc grain density in common wheat grown in Central Asia. Euphytica 155:193–203.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Murty, D.S., Kumar, K.A. 1995. Traditional uses of sorghum and millets. In: Dendy, D.A.V. (ed.), Sorghum and millets: Chemistry and technology, Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem. St Paul, MN, USA. pp. 185–221.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Neucere, N.J., Sumrell, G. 1980. Chemical composition of different varieties of grain sorghum. J. Agric. Chem. 28:19–21.

  • Ng’uni, D., Geleta, M., Hofvander, P., Fatih, M., Bryngelsson, T. 2012. Comparative genetic diversity and nutritional quality variation among some important Southern African sorghum accessions [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. AJCS 6:56–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Okareh, O.T., Adeolu, A.T., Adepoju, O.T. 2015. Proximate and mineral composition of plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) wastes flour; a potential nutrients source in the formulation of animal feeds. Afr. J. Food Sci. Technol. 6:53–57.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Olatunji, E.M.A., Temitope, B.M. 2013. Comparative study of mineral elements distribution in sorghum and millet from Minna and Bida, North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Food Nutr. Saf. 3:33–55.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Prince, C.A., Clark, H.E., Funkhouse, E.A. 1972. Functions of Micronutrients in Plants: Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Science Soc. America. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

  • Ragaee, S., Abdel-Aal, E.M., Noaman, M. 2006. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Food Chem. 98:32–38.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rolfes, S.R., Pinna, K., Whitney, E. 2009. Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition. Ninth ed. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Belmont, CA, USA. p. 37.

  • Ruiz, M., Varela, F., Carillo, J.M. 1997. Analysis of the discriminating power of agro-morphological and biochemical descriptors in a sample of Spanish collection barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genet. Resour. Crop Ev. 44:247–255.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Samia, M.A., Hagir, B.E., Wisal, I.H., Elfadil, E.B., Abdullahi, H.E. 2005. Proximate composition, antinutritional factors and mineral content and availability of selected legumes and cereals grown in Sudan. J. Food Technol. 3:511–515.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Shegro, A., Shargie, N.G., Van Biljon, A., Labuschagne, M.T. 2012. Diversity in starch, protein and mineral composition of sorghum landrace accessions from Ethiopia. J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 15:275–280.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stanley, A.B. 1995. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability. Purdue University. New York, USA. pp. 180–372.

  • Subramanian, V., Jambunathan, R. 1984. Chemical composition and food quality of sorghum. In: Salunke, D.K., Chavan, J.K., Jadhav, S.J. (eds), Nutritional and processing quality of sorghum. IBA Publications. New Delhi, India.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Subramanian, V., Seetharama, N., Jambunathan, R., Venkateswara Rao, P. 1990. Evaluation of protein quality of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1344–1347.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Waters, B.M., Pedersen, J.F. 2009. Sorghum germplasm profiling to assist breeding and gene identification for bio fortification of grain mineral and protein concentration. Proc. Int. Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI. Dept. of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, University of California, Davis, California, USA. Available at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/38w380dn. pp. 1–7.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yellen, G. 2002. The voltage gatted potassium channels and their relatives. Nature 419:35–42.

  • Zhang, Y., Song, Q., Yan, J., Tang, J., Zhao, R., Zhang, Y., He, Z., Zou, C., Ortiz-Monasterio, I. 2010. Mineral element concentrations in grains of Chinese wheat cultivars. Euphytica 174:303–313.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover Cereal Research Communications
Cereal Research Communications A Quarterly of the Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd. Company
Print ISSN:
0133-3720
Online ISSN:
1788-9170

 

 

To see the editorial board, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Manuscript Submission: HERE

 

 

For subscription options, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Cereal Research Communications
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1973
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0133-3720 (Print)
ISSN 1788-9170 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Dec 2024 293 0 0
Jan 2025 71 0 0
Feb 2025 131 0 0
Mar 2025 174 5 4
Apr 2025 42 1 1
May 2025 50 1 2
Jun 2025 0 0 0