Fusarium head blight caused by a complex of Fusarium species is widespread across the world and ranks among the most serious diseases in cereals. Long-term field experiments were set up to evaluate the effects of preceding crop and soil management methods on Fusarium mycotoxin (DON, deoxynivalenol) contamination of winter wheat and spring barley grain. Winter wheat and spring barley were cultivated at two locations in the Czech Republic (A: Ivanovice na Hané during 2002–2014, and B: Žabčice during 2007–2014) with preceding crops (A) alfalfa, maize, and pea; and (B) alfalfa (only for wheat), sugar beet (only for barley), and maize. Different soil management methods also were used: (A) 22 cm tillage, 15 cm tillage, 10 cm chisel, and direct drilling; and (B) 22 cm tillage, 10 cm chisel, and direct drilling. Mycotoxin content in harvested grain was analysed using ELISA. At both locations in the experiments with both wheat and barley, year had a significant effect on mycotoxin content in grain. Preceding crop was another significant factor in wheat experiments at both locations, with DON content in grain higher with maize as the preceding crop than in the cases of other preceding crops. Soil management method had a significant effect only on mycotoxin content in wheat grain grown at Žabčice, and the highest DON content was determined in the chisel variant, in which case a large amount of harvest residue remained on the soil surface or was only partially incorporated.
Audenaert, K., Van Broeck, R., Bekaert, B., De Witte, F., Hermans, B., Messens, K., Höfte, M., Haesaert, G. 2009. Fusarium head blight (FHB) in Flanders: population diversity, inter-species associations and DON contamination in commercial winter wheat varieties. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 125:445–458.
Bai, G., Shaner, G.E. 1994. Scab of wheat: prospects for control. Plant Disease 78:760–766.
Blandino, M., Haidukowski, M., Pascale, M., Plizzari, L., Scudellari, D., Reyneri, A. 2012. Integrated strategies for the control of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Field Crops Res. 133:139–149.
Blandino, M., Pilati, A., Reyneri A., Scudellari, D. 2010. Effect of maize crop residue density on Fusarium head blight and on deoxynivalenol contamination of common wheat grains. Cereal Res. Commun. 38:550–559.
Champeil, A., Doré, T., Fourbet, J.F. 2004a: Fusarium head blight: epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attack and the production of mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains. Plant Sci. 166:1389–1415.
Champeil, A., Fourbet, J.F., Doré, T., Rossignol, L. 2004b. Influence of cropping system on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. Crop Protection 23:531–537.
Chandelier, A., Nimal, C., André, F., Planchon, V., Oger, R. 2011. Fusarium species and DON contamination associated with head blight in winter wheat over a 7-year period (2003–2009) in Belgium. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 130:403–414.
Dill-Macky, R., Jones, R.K. 2000. The effect of previous crop residues and tillage on Fusarium head blight of wheat. Plant Disease 84:71–76.
Klem, K., Vánová, M., Hajšlová, J., Lancová, K., Sehnalová, M. 2007. A neural network model for prediction of deoxynivalenol content in wheat grain based on weather data and preceding crop. Plant Soil Environ. 53:421–429.
Koch, H.J., Pringas, C., Maerlaender, B. 2006. Evaluation of environmental and management effects on Fusarium head blight infection and deoxynivalenol concentration in the grain of winter wheat. Eur. J. Agron. 24:357–366.
Kriss, A.B., Paul, P.A., Madden, L.V. 2010. Relationship between yearly fluctuations in Fusarium head blight intensity and environmental variables: a window-pane analysis. Phytopathol. 100:784–797.
Landschoot, S., Audenaert, K., Waegeman, W., De Baets, B., Haesaert, G. 2013. Influence of maize–wheat rotation systems on Fusarium head blight infection and deoxynivalenol content in wheat under low versus high disease pressure. Crop Protection 52:14–21.
Landschoot, S., Waegeman, W., Audenaert, K., Vandepitte, J., Baetens, J.M., De Baetes, B., Haesaert, G. 2012. An empirical analysis of explanatory variables affecting Fusarium head blight infection and deoxynivalenol content in wheat. J. Plant Pathol. 94:135–147.
Leplat, J., Friberg, H., Abib, M., Steinberg, C. 2013. Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33:97–111.
Lindblad, M., Gidlund, A., Sulyok, M., Börjesson, T., Krska, R., Olsen, M., Fredlund, E. 2013. Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish wheat–occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 167:284–291.
Lori, G.A., Sisterna, M.N., Sarandón, S.J., Rizzo, I., Chidichimo, H. 2009. Fusarium head blight in wheat: impact of tillage and other agronomic practices under natural infection. Crop Prot. 28:495–502.
Maiorano, A., Blandino, M., Reyneri, A., Vanara, F. 2008. Effects of maize residues on the Fusarium spp. infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of wheat grain. Crop Prot. 27:182–188.
Matušinsky, P., Polišenská, I., Kadlíková, M., Tvaružek, L., Spitzerová, D., Spitzer, T. 2013. Dynamics of T-2 toxin synthesis on barley ears. J. of Food, Agric. and Environ. 11:1114–1122.
Nedelník, J., Moravcová, H., Hajšlová, J., Lancová, K., Vánová, M., Salava, J. 2007. Fusarium spp. in wheat grain in the Czech Republic analysed by PCR method. Plant Protection Sci. 43:135–137.
Nicholson, P., Chandler, E., Draeger, R.C., Gosman, N.E., Simpson, D.R., Thomsett, M., Wilson, A.H. 2003. Molecular tools to study epidemiology and toxicology of Fusarium head blight of cereals. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109:691–703.
Pereyra, S.A., Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Colonization of the residues of diverse plant species by Gibberella zeae and their contribution to Fusarium head blight inoculum. Plant Disease 92:800–807.
Schaafsma, A.W., Hooker, D.C. 2007. Climatic models to predict occurrence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 119:116–125.
Schaafsma, A.W., Tamburic-Illic, L., Miller, J.D., Hooker, D.C. 2001. Agronomic consideration for reducing deoxynivalenol in wheat grain. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 23:279–285.
Vánová, M., Klem, K., Matuša, P., Matušinsky, P., Hajšlová, J., Lancová, K. 2008. The content of Fusarium mycotoxins, grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars under organic and conventional cropping systems. Plant Soil Environ. 54:395–402.
Vánová, M., Matušinsky, P., Javurek, M., Vach, M. 2011. Effect of soil tillage practices on severity of selected diseases in winter wheat. Plant Soil Environ. 57:245–250.
Vogelgsang, S., Hecker, A., Musa, T., Dorn, B., Forrer, H.R. 2011. On-farm experiments over 5 years in a grain maize/winter wheat rotation: effect of maize residue treatments on Fusarium graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat. Mycotoxin Res. 27:81–96.