Spot blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is worldwide and economically one of the most important diseases. The structure of the B. sorokiniana population is not uniform. Within isolates of this species, there are strains that differ in virulence and aggressiveness. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of virulence within Polish isolates of B. sorokiniana and to test selected strains of this fungus terms of their pathogenicity in relation to different spring barley cultivars. The diversity of 70 Polish isolates of B. sorokiniana was determined based on the reaction of three spring barley test lines – Bowman, ND5883 and NDB12 with a certain susceptibility to infection by this pathogen and compared to three isolates of B. sorokiniana: ND93-1 classified to pathotype 0, ND85F – pathotype 1 and ND90Pr – pathotype 2. In the population of 70 isolates of B. sorokiniana, two pathotypes – 0 (14 isolates) and 1 (56 isolates) were identified. The mean values of leaf infection index evaluated for lines – Bowman, ND5883 and NDB12 in the case of B. sorokiniana isolates of pathotype 0 ranged: 17.08, 25.42 and 18.13, respectively, and in the case of B. sorokiniana isolates of pathotype 1: 15.57, 59.81 and 17.98, respectively. In the second experiment, the susceptibility of 8 spring barley cultivars to leaf infection by 10 selected isolates of B. sorokiniana (5 of pathotype 0 and 5 of pathotype 1) was tested. The mean value of leaf infection index calculated for analyzed cultivars in experimental combination with pathotype 0 isolates of B. sorokiniana was 1.56, and in the case of isolates of pathotype 1 was 16.58.
Ahmed, F., Hossain, I., Aminuzzaman, F.M. 2003. Effect of different pathotypes of Bipolaris sorokiniana on spot blotch severity and yield contributing characters of wheat cv. Kanchan inoculated at maximum tillering stage. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6(7): 693–696.
Almgren, I., Gustaffson, M., Fält, A.S., Lindgren, H., Lilieroth, E. 1999. Interaction between root and leaf disease development in barley cultivars after inoculation with different isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana. J. Phytopathol. 147: 331–337.
Apoga, D., Åkesson, H., Jansson, H.B., Odham, G. 2002. Relationship between production of the phytotoxin prehelminthosporol and virulence in isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108: 519–526.
Arabi, M.I., Jahwar, M. 2004. Repeatibility of barley seedling reaction to spot blotch and common root rot. Cer. Res. Comm. 32(2): 249–253.
Cegiełko, M. 2006. Investigations on Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. and Drechslera avenae (Eidam) Scharif strains and susceptibility of oat (Avena sativa L.) lines to these pathogenic agents. Doctor dissertation.
Fetch, T.G., Steffenson, B.J. 1999. Rating scales for assessing infection responses of barley infected with Cochliobolus sativus. Plant Dis. 83(3): 213–217.
Ghazvini, H., Tekauz, A. 2007. Virulence diversity in the population of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Plant Dis. 91(7): 814–821.
Ghazvini, H., Tekauz, A. 2008. Host × pathogen interactions among barley genotypes and Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates. Plant Dis. 92: 225–233.
Gyawali, S. 2010. Association mapping of resistance to common root rot and spot blotch in barley, and population genetics of Cochliobolus sativus. Fargo, ND, USA, North Dakota State University, PhD thesis.
Gyawali, S., Neate, S.M., Adhikari, T.B., Puri, K.D., Burlakoti, R.R., Zhong, S. 2012. Genetic structure of Cochliobolus sativus populations sampled from roots and leaves of barley and wheat in North Dakota. J. Phytopathol. 160: 637–646.
Jahani, M., Aggarwal, R., Gupta, S., Sharma, S., Dureja, P. 2014. Purification and characterization of a novel toxin from Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing spot blotch of wheat and analysis of variability in the pathogen. Cer. Res. Comm. 42(2): 252–261.
Kiecana, I., Cegiełko, M. 2007. Pathogenicity of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. to selected oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. Plant Breed. Seed Sci. 56: 31–45.
Kiecana, I., Cegiełko, M., Mielniczuk, E. 2012. Fungi colonizing the sowing material of turfgrasses considering susceptibility of cultivars to selected pathogens. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 11(5): 153–168.
Knight, N.L., Platz, G.J., Lehmensiek, A., Sutherland, M.W. 2010. An investigation of genetic variation among Australian isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana from different cereal tissues and comparison of their abilities to cause spot blotch on barley. Aust. Plant Pathol. 39(3): 207–216.
Kumar, J., Schäfer, P., Hückelhoven, R., Langen, G., Baltruschat, H., Stein, E., Nagarajan, S., Kogel, K.H. 2002. Bipolaris sorokiniana, a cereal pathogen of global concern: cytological and molecular approaches towards better control. Mol. Plant Pathol. 3(4): 185–195.
Mann, M.B., Minotto, E., Feltrin, T., Milagre, L.P., Spadari, C., Van Der Sand, S.T. 2014. Genetic diversity among monoconidial and polyconidial isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Curr. Microbiol. 69: 874–879.
Mańka, M. 1989. article-title>Pathogenicity of selected Fusarium species for cereal seedlings. Roczniki AR Poznań, Scientific Dissertations 201: 1–64.
Pandley, S.P., Sharma, S., Chand, R., Shahi, P., Joshi, A.K. 2008. Clonal variability and its relevance in generation of new pathotypes in the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana. Curr. Microbiol. 56: 33–41.
Poloni, A., Pessi, I.S., Frazzon, A.P.G., Van Der Sand, S.T. 2009. Morphology, physiology, and virulence of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates. Current Microbiology. 59: 267–273.
Steffenson, B.J., Hayes, P.M., Kleinhofs, A. 1996. Genetics of seedling and adult plant resistance to net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) and spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92: 552–558.
Valjavec-Gratian, M., Steffenson, B.J. 1997. Pathotypes of Cochliobolus sativus on barley in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 81: 1275–1278.
Zhong, S., Steffenson, B.J. 2001. Virulence and molecular diversity in Cochliobolus sativus. Phytopathology 91(5): 469–476.