This study seeks to find a correlation between silent pauses (SPs) in source text and the fluent delivery in target text during these pauses in simultaneous interpreting from Chinese to English. Experiments have been carried out to home in on SPs by speakers to examine exactly what is going on while silences last. Two speech styles of formal speech and spontaneous speech are then taken into consideration to see whether stylistic difference yields different results in the SP–fluency correlation. Two indicators are identified as the factors pointing to the dual effect of SPs: the rate of fluent interpreting during SPs (Indicator One), and the rate of SP-included sentences being successfully interpreted (Indicator Two). Both the concurrent and the continuing effects are proved tenable by looking at the relations between the two indicators and different SP positions and durations. Results indicate that the possibility of both indicators is significantly higher during speakers’ pauses at grammatical junctures; Indicator One is more pronounced during pauses of medium length while Indicator Two is more pronounced during pauses of longer length. A negative correlation between SP duration and Indicator One is found while a positive correlation between SP duration and Indicator Two is confirmed. Furthermore, this study concludes that speech style does make a difference in the correlation between SP positions and the two indicators: formal speech interpreting shows clearly better regularity than spontaneous speech interpreting.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
Bakti, M. 2009. Speech Disfluencies in Simultaneous Interpretation. De Crom, D. (ed.) Translation and the (Trans)formation of Identities. Selected Papers of the CETRA Research Seminar in Translation Studies. Leuven: CETRA. 1–17.
-
Barik, H. C. 1973. Simultaneous Interpretation. Temporal and Quantitative Data. Language and Speech Vol. 16. 237–270.
-
Barik, H. C. 1975. Simultaneous Interpretation. Qualitative and Linguistic Data. Language and Speech Vol. 18. 272–297.
-
Boomer, D. S., Dittmann, A. T. 1962. Hesitation Pauses and Juncture Pauses in Speech. Language and Speech Vol. 5. 215–220.
-
Boomer, D. S. 1965. Hesitation and Grammatical Encoding. Language and Speech Vol. 8. 148–158.
-
Brennan, S. E., Schober, M. E. 2001. How Listeners Compensate for Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech. Journal of Memory and Language Vol. 44. 274–296.
-
Campione, E., Véronis, J. 2002. A Large-Scale Multilingual Study of Silent Pause Duration. In: Hess, W., Cooke, M. (eds) SP-2002 (April 11–13, Aix-en-Provence, France). Aix-en-Provence. 199–202.
-
Cao, J. 2003. Prediction of Prosodic Organization Based on Grammatical Information. Journal of Chinese Information Processing Vol. 17. No. 3. 41–46.
-
Cecot, M. 2001. Pauses in Simultaneous Interpretation. A Contrastive Analysis of Professional Interpreters’ Performances. The Interpreters’ Newsletter Vol. 11. 63–85.
-
Chafe, W. L. (ed.) 1980. The Pear Stories. Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
-
Chambers, F. 1997. What Do We Mean by Fluency? System Vol. 25. 535–544.
-
Clark, H. H., Fox Tree, J. E. 2002. Using uh and um in Spontaneous Speaking. Cognition Vol. 84. 73–111.
-
De Groot, A. M. B. 2011. Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and Multilinguals. An Introduction. New York: Psychology Press.
-
Dellwo, V., Leemann, A., Kolly, M-J. 2015. The Recognition of Read and Spontaneous Speech in Local Vernacular. the Case of Zurich German Dialect. Journal of Phonetics Vol. 48. 13–28.
-
Demol, M., Verhelst, W., Verhoeve, P. 2007. The Duration of Speech Pauses in a Multilingual Environment. In: Hess, W., Cooke, M. (eds) INTERSPEECH-2007 (August 27‒31, 2007, Antwerp, Belgium). Antwerp. 990–993.
-
Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J., Thomson, R. I., Rossiter, M. J. 2009. The Relationship Between L1 Fluency and L2 Fluency Development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol. 31. No. 31. 533–557.
-
Duez, D. 1982. Silent and Non-silent Pauses in Three Speech Styles. Language and Speech Vol. 25. No. 1. 11–28.
-
Duez, D. 1985. Perception of Silent Pauses in Continuous Speech. Language and Speech Vol. 28. No. 4. 377–389.
-
Fox Tree, J. E. 1995. The Effects of False Starts and Repetitions on the Processing of Subsequent Words in Spontaneous Speech. Journal of Memory and Language Vol. 34. 709–738.
-
Freed, B. F. 1995. What Makes Us Think That Students Who Study Abroad Become Fluent? In: Freed. B. F. (ed.) Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context. Philadelphia and Amsterdam: Benjamins. 123–148.
-
Furui, S., Nakamura, M., Ichiba, T., Iwano K. 2005. Why is the Recognition of Spontaneous Speech So Hard? In: Matoušek, V., Mautner, P., Pavelka, T. (eds) 8th International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue (September 12–15 2005, Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic). Berlin: Springer. 9–22.
-
Gerver, D. 1975. A Psychological Approach to Simultaneous Interpretation. Meta Vol. 20. No. 2. 119–128.
-
Gile, D. 1995. Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
-
Goldman-Eisler, F. 1956. The Determinants of the Rate of Speech Output and Their Mutual Relations. Journal of Psychosomatic Research Vol. 1. 137–143.
-
Goldman-Eisler, F. 1958. Speech Production and the Predictability of Words in Context. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 10. No. 2. 96–106.
-
Goldman-Eisler, F. 1961. Hesitation and Information. In: Cherry, C. (ed.) Proceedings of 4th London Symposium on Information Theory (1961, London). New York: Academic Press. 162–174.
-
Goldman-Eisler, F. 1967. Sequential Temporal Patterns and Cognitive Processes in Speech. Language and Speech Vol. 10. 122.
-
Goldman-Eisler, F. 1968. Psycholinguistics. Experiments in Spontaneous Speech. London: Academic Press.
-
Gustafson-Capková, S., Megyesi, B. 2001. A Comparative Study of Pauses in Dialogue and Read speech. In: Dalsgaard, P., Lindberg, B., Benner, H., Tan, Z. H. (eds) 2nd INTERSPEECH Event (3–7 September 2001, Aalborg, Denmark). Aalborg. 931–935.
-
Hargreaves, W. A., Starkweather, J. A. 1959. Collection of Temporal Data with the Duration Tabulator. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Vol. 2. No. 3. 179–183.
-
Hawkins, P. R. 1971. The Syntactic Location of Hesitation Pauses. Language and Speech Vol. 14. No. 3. 277–288.
-
Henze, R. 1953. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie der Sprechgeschwindigkeit. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie Vol. 1. 214–243.
-
Hieke, A. E. 1981. A Content-Processing View of Hesitation Phenomena. Language and Speech Vol. 24. No. 2. 147–160.
-
Hirschberg, J. 2000. A Corpus-Based Approach to the Study of Speaking Style. In: M, Horne (ed.) Prosody. Theory and Experiment. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer. 335–350.
-
Laan, G. 1997. The Contribution of Intonation, Segmental Durations, and Spectral Features to the Perception of a Spontaneous and a Read Speaking Style. Speech Communication Vol. 22. 43–65.
-
Lennon, P. 1990. Investigating fluency in EFL. A Quantitative Approach. Language Learning Vol. 3. 387–417.
-
Levelt, W. J. M. 1989. Speaking. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
-
Lin, Y., Lv, Q., Liang, J. Y. 2018. Predicting Fluency with Language Proficiency, Working Memory, and Directionality in Simultaneous Interpreting. Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 9. 1–13.
-
MacGregor, L. J., Corley, M., Donaldson, D. I. 2010. Listening to the Sound of Silence. Disfluent Silent Pauses in Speech Have Consequences for Listeners. Neuropsychologia Vol. 48. 3982–3992.
-
Maclay, H., Osgood C. E. 1959. Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English. Word Vol. 13. 19–44.
-
Mixdorff, H., Pfitzinger, H. R. 2005. Analysing Fundamental Frequency Contours and Local Speech Rate in Map Task Dialogs. Speech Communication Vol. 46. 310–325.
-
O’Shaughnessy, D. 1992. Analysis of False Starts in Spontaneous Speech. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (12–16 October 1992, Banff, Canada). Banff. 931–934.
-
Petite, Ch. 2005. Evidence of Repair Mechanisms in Simultaneous Interpreting. A Corpus-Based Analysis. Interpreting Vol. 7. 27–49.
-
Pradas Macías, M. 2006. Probing Quality Criteria in Simultaneous Interpreting. The Role of Silent Pauses in Fluency. Interpreting Vol. 8. No. 1. 25–43.
-
Ruder, K. F., Jensen, P. J. 1972. Fluent and Hesitation Pauses as a Function of Syntactic Complexity. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research Vol. 15. 49–58.
-
Schachter, S., Nicholas, C., Ravina, B., Bilous, F. 1991. Speech Disfluency and the Structure of Knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 20. 362–367.
-
Simone, R. 1990. Fondamenti di Linguistica. Bari: Editori Laterza.
-
Sityaev, D., Webster, G., Braunschweiler, N., Buchholcz, S., Knill, K. 2007. Some Aspects of Pros-ody of Friendly Formal and Friendly Informal Speaking Styles. In: Trouvain, J., Barry, W. J. (eds) 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (6–10 August 2007, Saarbrücken, Germany). Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes. 2141–2144.
-
Skehan, P., Foster, P. 1999. The Influence of Task Structure and Processing Conditions on Narrative Retellings. Language Learning Vol. 49. 93–120.
-
Stavrakaki, S., Megari, K., Kosmidis, M.H., Apostolidou, M., Takou, E., 2012. Working Memory and Verbal Fluency in Simultaneous Interpreters. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Vol. 34. No. 6. 624–633.
-
Tamhane, A. C. 1979. A Comparison of Procedures for Multiple Comparisons of Means with Unequal Variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association Vol. 74. 471–480.
-
Tannenbaum, P. H., Williams, F., Wood B. S. 1967. Hesitation Phenomena and Related Encoding Characteristics in Speech and Typewriting. Language and Speech Vol. 10. 203–215.
-
Tissi, B. 2000. Silent Pauses and Disfluencies in Simultaneous Interpretation. A Descriptive Analysis. The Interpreters’ Newsletter Vol. 10. 103–127.
-
Trofimovich, P., Baker, W. 2006. Learning Second Language Suprasegmentals. Effects of L2 Experience on Prosody and Fluency Characteristics of L2 Speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol. 28. No. 1. 1–30.
-
Verzeano, M., Finesinger, J. E. 1949. An Automatic Analyzer for the Study of Speech in Interaction and in Free Association. Science Vol. 110. 45–46.
-
Wang, B., Li, T. 2015. An Empirical Study of Pauses in Chinese‒English Simultaneous Interpreting. Perspectives Vol. 23. No. 1. 124–142.
-
Wood, D. 2001. In Search of Fluency. What Is It and How Can We Teach It? Canadian Modern Language Review Vol. 57. 573–589.
Monthly Content Usage
| Abstract Views | Full Text Views | PDF Downloads | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2020 | 159 | 10 | 9 |
| Jan 2021 | 52 | 5 | 7 |
| Feb 2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Copyright Akadémiai Kiadó
AKJournals is the trademark of Akadémiai Kiadó's journal publishing business branch.
Copyright Akadémiai Kiadó AKJournals is the trademark of Akadémiai Kiadó's journal publishing business branch.
Powered by PubFactory