Author:
Hong Diao School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, P.R.C.

Search for other papers by Hong Diao in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-7144
Restricted access

Abstract

Although co-translation has received considerable scholarly attention recently, how co-translated texts converge and diverge stylistically, and how co-translators affect translated texts and each other remain under-researched. Based on two specialized corpora, this paper innovatively employs L2SCA and MAT to investigate the various stylistic and linguistic features of A Hero Born (translated by Anna Holmwood) and A Bond Undone (translated by Gigi Chang), English translations of the two consecutive volumes of “射雕英雄传” (shè diāo yīng xióng zhuàn), a Chinese wuxia novel by Jin Yong. It then explores the dynamics of collaboration between the two translators in translating and promoting Jin Yong's wuxia novels, based on interview records, email exchanges, and public discourses. The study reveals that the two translations are homogenized to a considerable degree and at various syntactic and lexico-grammatical levels, and that the two translators' discourses concerning Jin Yong's wuxia are also essentially identical. These similarities are attributed to several factors. In particular, Holmwood, as the principal translator and co-literary agent of the translation project, has played a dominant role and has put her “fingerprints” on Chang's translation, thus considerably smoothing out stylistic divergences of their translated texts. The two translators have deftly co-projected Jin Yong's wuxia as modern, cosmopolitan, and entertaining, thus facilitating the reception of their translations. This study sheds new light on the dynamics of collaboration between literary translators and contributes to the research methodology of translation style.

  • Alfer, A. (2017). Entering the translab: Translation as collaboration, collaboration as translation, and the third space of “translaboration”. Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts, 3(3), 275290.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Al-Surmi, M. (2012). Authenticity and TV shows: A multidimensional analysis perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 46(4), 671694.

  • Arnold, J. E. , Losongco, A , Wasow, T. , & Ginstrom, R. (2000). Heaviness vs. newness: The effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering. Language, 76(1), 2855.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Beaman, K. (1984). Coordination and subordination revisited: Syntactic complexity in spoken and written narrative discourse. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Coherence in spoken and written discourse (pp. 4580). ABLEX.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bértoli-Dutra, P. (2014). Multi-dimensional analysis of pop songs. In T. B. Sardinha , & M. V. Pinto (Eds.), Multi-dimensional analysis, 25 years on: A tribute to Douglas Biber (pp. 149175). John Benjamins.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Biber, D. (1988). Variation across speech and writing. Cambridge University Press.

  • Biber, D. (1989). A typology of English texts. Linguistics, 27(1), 343.

  • Biber, D. , & Egbert, J. (2016). Register variation on the searchable web: A multi-dimensional analysis. Journal of English Linguistics, 44(2), 95137.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bistué, B. (2013). Collaborative translation and multi-version texts in early modern Europe. Ashgate Publishing Company.

  • Bosseaux, C. (2004). Point of view in translation: A corpus-based study of French translations of Virginia Woolf’s To the lighthouse. Across Languages and Cultures, 5(1), 107122.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bulté, B. , & Housen, A. (2014). Conceptualizing and measuring short-term changes in L2 writing complexity. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26, 4265.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chang, G. (2019b).《射雕英雄传》第二卷译者张菁:希望英语读者也读到那种快感 [An interview with Gigi Chang: The English translator of the second volume of Legends of the condor heroes]. Tencent culture, April 3. https://xw.qq.com/cul/20190403003984/CUL2019040300398400.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chang, G. (2019c). 《射雕英雄传》英文版译者张菁:让西方读者过瘾痛快 [An interview with Gigi Chang: The English translator of Legends of the condor heroes]. The Paper, February 1. https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2938967.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chang, G. (2019d). 《射雕英雄传》英译者张菁:《射雕》的翻译不是一个独立事件 [An interview with Gigi Chang: The English translator of Legends of the condor heroes]. Literature and Art, February 22. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2019/0222/c404093-30896468.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cordingley, A. , & Manning, C. F. (2017). Collaborative translation: From the Renaissance to the digital age. Bloomsbury Academic.

  • Cranfield, S. , & Tedesco, C. (2017). Reformulating the problem of translatability. Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts, 3(3), 304322.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Decroisette, F. (2017). ‘Shared’ translation: The example of forty comedies by Goldoni in France (1993–4). In A. Cordingley , & C. F. Manning (Eds.), Collaborative translation: From the Renaissance to the digital age (pp. 4967). Bloomsbury Academic.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Diao, H. (2022). Translating and literary agenting: Anna Holmwood’s Legends of the Condor Heroes, Perspectives, online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2022.2046825.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Drugan, J. (2020). Complex collaborations: Interpreting and translating for the UK police. Target: International Journal of Translation Studies, 32(2), 307326.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gray, B. (2013). More than discipline: Uncovering multi-dimensional patterns of variation in academic research articles. Corpora, 8(2), 153181.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Halverson, S. L. (2003). The cognitive basis of translation universals. Target: International Journal of Translation Studies, 15(2), 197241.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Halverson, S. L. (2010). Cognitive translation studies: Developments in theory and method. In G. M. Shreve , & E. Angelone (Eds.), Translation and cognition (pp. 349370). John Benjamins.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Halverson, S. L. (2017). Gravitational pull in translation: Testing a revised model. In G. De Sutter , M. Lefer , & I. Delaere (Eds.), Empirical translation studies: New methodological and theoretical traditions (pp. 946). De Gruyter.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hawkins, J. (1990). A parsing theory of word order universals. Linguistic Inquiry, 21(2), 223261.

  • He, M. (2017). A comparative multidimensional study of the English translation of Lunyu (The Analects): A corpus-based analysis. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 17(3), 3754.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hemmat, A. (2020). Collaborative translation, an intercultural dialogue: Translating poetry of Ṭáhirih Qurratu’l-`Ayn. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, 7(2), 164186.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Holmwood, A. (2013). Jin Yong’s oeuvre, a pitching document.

  • Holmwood, A. (2014). Bringing Chinese martial arts battles to life in English. A speech at National Taiwan University.

  • Housen, A. , & Kuiken, F. (2009). Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 461473.

  • Huang, L. , & Chu, C. (2014). Translator’s style or translational style? A corpus-based study of style in translated Chinese novels. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, 1(2), 122141.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • IBM Corp . (2019). IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 26.0. IBM Corp.

  • Jansen, H. , & Wegener, A. (2013). Multiple translatorship. In H. Jansen , & A. Wegener (Eds.), Authorial and editorial voices in translation 1: Collaborative relationships between authors, translators and performers (pp. 139). Éditions Québécoises de L’oeuvre.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jin, T. , Lu, X. , & Ni, J. (2020). Syntactic complexity in adapted teaching materials: Differences among grade levels and implications for benchmarking. The Modern Language Journal, 104(1), 192208.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jones, R. H. (2012). Positioning in the analysis of discourse and interaction. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley online library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0919.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kang, J. H. , & Kim, K. H. (2020). Collaborative translation: An instrument for commercial success or neutralizing a feminist message? Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice, 28(4), 487503.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kyle, K. (2016). Measuring syntactic development in L2 writing: Fine grained indices of syntactic complexity and usage-based indices of syntactic sophistication. Georgia State University.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li, H. (2019). 终有襄阳城破时:金庸武侠小说的英译与经典化原创 [Xiangyang was finally conquered: Review on the English translation of Jin Yong wuxia novels]. Shanghai Book Review, January 12. http://m.thepaper.cn/kuaibao_detail.jsp?contid=2837718&from=kuaibao.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li, D. , Zhang, C. , & Liu, K. (2011). Translation style and ideology: A corpus-assisted analysis of two English translations of Hong Lou Meng. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 26(2), 153166.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liang, L. , & Xu, M. (2015). Analysis of the mode of translation from the perspective of co-translation. Translation Review, 92(1), 5472.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lu, X. (2010). Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(4), 474496.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lu, X. (2017). Automated measurement of syntactic complexity in corpus-based L2 writing research and implications for writing assessment. Language Testing, 34(4), 493511.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nia (2019). Book review of A hero born. The Most Sublime Blog. September 11, 2019. https://themostsublime.com/2019/09/11/a-hero-born-by-jin-yong-translated-by-anna-holmwood-legend-of-the-condor-heroes-1/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nini, A. (2019). The multi-dimensional analysis tagger. In T. B. Sardinha , & M. V. Pinto (Eds.), Multi-dimensional analysis: Research methods and current issues (pp. 6794). Bloomsbury Academic.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • O’Brien, S. (2011). Collaborative translation. In Y. Gambier , & L. van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of translation studies (Vol. 2, pp. 1720). John Benjamins.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Olohan, M. (2004). Introducing corpora in translation studies. Routledge.

  • Ortega, L. (2003). Syntactic complexity measures and their relationship to L2 proficiency: A research synthesis of college-level L2 writing. Applied Linguistics, 24(4), 492518.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pallotti, G. (2009). CAF: Defining, refining and differentiating constructs. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 590601.

  • Rybicki, J. , & Heydel, M. (2013). The stylistics and stylometry of collaborative translation: Woolf’s Night and Day in Polish. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 28(4), 708717.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Saldanha, G. (2011). Style of translation: The use of foreign words in translations by Margaret Jull Costa and Peter Bush. In A. Kruger , K. Wallmach , & J. Munday (Eds.), Corpus-based translation studies: Research and applications (pp. 237258). Continuum.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sardinha, T. B. (2018). Dimensions of variation across Internet registers. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(2), 125157.

  • Sardinha, T. B. , & Pinto, M. V. (2019). Dimensions of variation across American television registers. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 24(1), 332.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • St André, J. (2010). Lessons from Chinese history: Translation as a collaborative and multi-stage process. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, 23(1), 7194.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Szmrecsányi, B. M. (2004). On operationalizing syntactic complexity. Journées Internationales d’Analyse Statistique des Données Textuelles, 7, 10311038.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Teo, S. (2009). Chinese martial arts cinema: The wuxia tradition. Edinburgh University Press.

  • Thompson, P. , Hunston, S. , Murakami, A. , & Vajn, D. (2017). Multi-dimensional analysis, text constellations, and interdisciplinary discourse. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 22(2), 153186.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vanderschelden, I. (1998). Authority in literary translation: Collaborating with the author. Translation Review, 56(1), 2231.

  • Winters, M. (2007). F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Die Schönen und Verdammten: A corpus-based study of speech-act report verbs as a feature of translators’ style. Meta, 52(3), 412425.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yang, W. , Lu, X. , & Weigle, S. C. (2015). Different topics, different discourse: Relationships among writing topic, measures of syntactic complexity, and judgments of writing quality. Journal of Second Language Writing, 28, 5367.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yao, Q. (2013). 基于平行语料库的《红楼梦》意义显化翻译考察——以霍译本林黛玉人物特征为例 [A parallel corpus-based study on semantic explicitation features of translated Hong lou meng: A case study of Lin Daiyu in David Hawkes’s translation]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 45(3), 453463.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Youdale, R. (2020). Using computers in the translation of literary style: Challenges and opportunities. Routledge.

  • Zhang, W. , & Fu, N. (2019). 葛浩文翻译风格研究 [A study on translator’s style of Howard Goldblatt]. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhao, C. (2020). 基于语料库的《金瓶梅》英文全译本语域变异多维分析 [Genre variations in Jin ping mei’s two full English translations: A corpus-based multidimensional analysis]. Foreign Languages Teaching and Research, 52(2), 283295.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zielinska-Elliott, A. , & Kaminka, I. (2017). Online multilingual collaboration: Haruki Murakami’s European translators. In A. Cordingley , & C. F. Manning (Eds.), Collaborative translation: From the Renaissance to the digital age (pp. 167191). Bloomsbury Academic.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zwischenberger, C. (2020). Translaboration: Exploring collaboration in translation and translation in collaboration. Target: International Journal of Translation Studies, 32(2), 173190.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chang, G. (2019a). Trans. A bond undone. London: Maclehose Press.

  • Holmwood, A. (2018). Trans. A hero born. London: Maclehose Press.

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Editor-in-Chief: Krisztina KÁROLY (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)

Consulting Editor: Dániel MÁNY  (Semmelweis University, Hungary)

Managing Editor: Réka ESZENYI (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)

Founding Editor-in-Chief: Kinga KLAUDY (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)

EDITORIAL BOARD

  • Andrew CHESTERMAN (University of Helsinki, Finland)
  • Kirsten MALMKJÆR (University of Leicester, UK)
  • Christiane NORD (University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa)
  • Anthony PYM (Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain, University of Melbourne, Australia)
  • Mary SNELL-HORNBY (University of Vienna, Austria)
  • Sonja TIRKKONEN-CONDIT (University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland)

ADVISORY BOARD

  • Mona BAKER (Shanghai International Studies University, China, University of Oslo, Norway)
  • Łucja BIEL (University of Warsaw, Poland)
  • Gloria CORPAS PASTOR (University of Malaga, Spain; University of Wolverhampton, UK)
  • Rodica DIMITRIU (Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iasi, Romania)
  • Birgitta Englund DIMITROVA (Stockholm University, Sweden)
  • Sylvia KALINA (Cologne Technical University, Germany)
  • Haidee KOTZE (Utrecht University, The Netherlands)
  • Sara LAVIOSA (Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy)
  • Brian MOSSOP (York University, Toronto, Canada)
  • Orero PILAR (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain)
  • Gábor PRÓSZÉKY (Hungarian Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary)
  • Alessandra RICCARDI (University of Trieste, Italy)
  • Edina ROBIN (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Myriam SALAMA-CARR (University of Manchester, UK)
  • Mohammad Saleh SANATIFAR (independent researcher, Iran)
  • Sanjun SUN (Beijing Foreign Studies University, China)
  • Anikó SOHÁR (Pázmány Péter Catholic University,  Hungary)
  • Sonia VANDEPITTE (University of Gent, Belgium)
  • Albert VERMES (Eszterházy Károly University, Hungary)
  • Yifan ZHU (Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy, China)

Prof. Dr. Krisztina KÁROLY 
School of English and American Studies, Eötvös Loránd University
H-1088 Budapest, Rákóczi út 5., Hungary 
E-mail: 

  • WoS Arts & Humanities Citation Index
  • Wos Social Sciences Citation Index
  • WoS Essential Science Indicators
  • Scopus
  • Linguistics Abstracts
  • Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts
  • Translation Studies Abstractst
  • CABELLS Journalytics

2023  
Web of Science  
Journal Impact Factor 1.0
Rank by Impact Factor Q2 (Linguistics)
Journal Citation Indicator 0.76
Scopus  
CiteScore 1.7
CiteScore rank Q1 (Language and Linguistics)
SNIP 1.223
Scimago  
SJR index 0.671
SJR Q rank Q1

Across Languages and Cultures
Publication Model Hybrid
Submission Fee

none

Article Processing Charge 900 EUR/article
Printed Color Illustrations 40 EUR (or 10 000 HUF) + VAT / piece
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription fee 2025 Online subsscription: 362 EUR / 398 USD
Print + online subscription: 420 EUR / 462 USD
Subscription Information Online subscribers are entitled access to all back issues published by Akadémiai Kiadó for each title for the duration of the subscription, as well as Online First content for the subscribed content.
Purchase per Title Individual articles are sold on the displayed price.

Across Languages and Cultures
Language English
Size B5
Year of
Foundation
1999
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
2
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1585-1923 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2519 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Oct 2024 280 1 1
Nov 2024 173 2 3
Dec 2024 113 3 3
Jan 2025 118 0 0
Feb 2025 148 1 2
Mar 2025 59 1 1
Apr 2025 0 0 0