This study demonstrated the suitability of high-performance thin-layer chromatography using a charge-coupled device (CCD) for acquisition of fluorescence images of ochratoxin (OTA), as a tool for analysis of this toxin in red wine. The mean recovery of the method was 92%. The quantification and detection limits were 0.1 μg L −1 and 0.32 ng per spot, respectively. Results from validation confirmed the efficiency of the method, which is sensitive enough to be used by producers and governments for quantification of OTA in wine in monitoring and survey programs. The occurrence of OTA in 34 Brazilian red wines was evaluated and one of the samples contained OTA at a level above the quantification limit.
FAO/WHO (Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization), Ochratoxin A. In: Safety evaluations of specific mycotoxins. Prepared by the fifty-sixth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, 2001.
Codex Alimentarius Commission : Position paper on ochratoxin A (CX/FAC 99/14). Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, 31st session, The Hague, 1999.
'', in Position paper on ochratoxin A (CX/FAC 99/14) , (1999 ) -.
N. Palma, S. Cinelli, O. Sapora, S.H. Wilson, E. Dogliotti, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 7 (2007) 1031–1037.
Dogliotti E. , '' (2007 ) 7 Chem. Res. Toxicol. : 1031 -1037 .
W.P. Balasaheb, N. Sinha, P. Dwivedi, A.K. Sharma , J. Turkish German Gynecol. Assoc. 4 (2007) 357–364.
Sharma A.K. , '' (2007 ) 4 J. Turkish German Gynecol. Assoc. : 357 -364 .
M.R. Rossiello, C. Rotunno, A. Coluccia, M.R. Carrat ù, A. Di Santo, V. Evangelista, N. Semeraro, M. Colucci , Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 229 (2008) 227–231.
Colucci M. , '' (2008 ) 229 Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. : 227 -231 .
A.L. Brown, E.W. Odell, P.G. Mantle , Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 59 (2007) 85–95.
Mantle P.G. , '' (2007 ) 59 Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. : 85 -95 .
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), Some Naturally Occurring Substances, Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins, 56, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1993.
'', in Some Naturally Occurring Substances, Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins , (1993 ) -.
Commission Regulation EC No. 472/2002 of 12 March 2002 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Official Journal of the European Union, L75, 2002.
B. Zimmerli, R. Dick , Food Addit. Contam. 13 (1996) 655–668.
Dick R. , '' (1996 ) 13 Food Addit. Contam. : 655 -668 .
I. Var, B. Kabak , Microchem. J. 86 (2007) 241–247.
Kabak B. , '' (2007 ) 86 Microchem. J. : 241 -247 .
A. Aresta, R. Vatinno, R. Palmisano, C.G. Zambonin , J. Chromatogr. A 1115 (2006) 196–201.
Zambonin C.G. , '' (2006 ) 1115 J. Chromatogr. A : 196 -201 .
E. Gonzalez-Peńas, C. Leache, A. López De Cerain, E. Lizarraga , Food Chem. 97 (2006) 349–354.
Lizarraga E. , '' (2006 ) 97 Food Chem. : 349 -354 .
D. Jornet, O. Busto, J. Guasch , J. Chromatogr. A 882 (2000) 29–35.
Guasch J. , '' (2000 ) 882 J. Chromatogr. A : 29 -35 .
K. Meletis, S. Meniades-Meimaroglou, P. Markaki , Food Addit. Contamin. 11 (2007) 1275–1282.
Markaki P. , '' (2007 ) 11 Food Addit. Contamin. : 1275 -1282 .
P. Varelis, S.L. Leong, A. Hocking, G. Giannikopoulos , Food Addit. Contam. 12 (2006) 1308–1315.
Giannikopoulos G. , '' (2006 ) 12 Food Addit. Contam. : 1308 -1315 .
S.H. Alarcón, G. Palleschi, D. Compagnone, M. Pascale, A. Visconti, I. Barna-Vetró , Talanta 69 (2006) 1031–1037.
Barna-Vetró I. , '' (2006 ) 69 Talanta : 1031 -1037 .
Z. Zheng, J. Hanneken, D. Houchins, R.S. King, P. Lee, J.L. Richard , Mycopathologia 159 (2005) 265–272.
Richard J.L. , '' (2005 ) 159 Mycopathologia : 265 -272 .
M. Lancaster, D.M. Goodall, E.T. Bergstrom, S. Mccrossen, P. Myers , Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 905–911.
Myers P. , '' (2006 ) 78 Anal. Chem. : 905 -911 .
T. Hayakawa, M. Hirai , Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 6728–6731.
Hirai M. , '' (2003 ) 75 Anal. Chem. : 6728 -6731 .
M.W. Trucksess , in: W. Horwitz (ed.), Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Maryland, 2000.
Trucksess M.W. , '', in Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International , (2000 ) -.
J.C.C. Yu, E.P.C. Lai , Food Chem. 105 (2007) 301–310.
Lai E.P.C. , '' (2007 ) 105 Food Chem. : 301 -310 .
C.A.R. Rosa, C.E. Magnoli, M.E. Fraga, A.M. Dalcero, D.M.N. Santana , Food Addit. Contam. 21 (2004) 358–364.
Santana D.M.N. , '' (2004 ) 21 Food Addit. Contam. : 358 -364 .
B. Berente, Á. Móricz, K.H. Otta, G. Záray, L. Lékó, L. Rácz , Microchem. J. 79 (2005) 103–107.
Rácz L. , '' (2005 ) 79 Microchem. J. : 103 -107 .