An important bioactive molecule, ursolic acid was isolated from the leaves of Diospyros melanoxylon and characterized with help of physical and spectroscopic data viz. m. p, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography method has also been developed and validated for its quantification in D. melanoxylon leaves. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis was performed on high performance thin-layer chromatography plates using chloroform-methanol (9.5:0.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The compound was quantified at 540 nm after derivatzation with sulphuric acid reagent. The sensitivity of the method with respect to limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 20 and 40 ng per spot. The response was obtained as a linear function of peak area and concentration in the range of 50 to 450 ng per spot with correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.9998. The method showed excellent accuracy greater than 97.54% with acceptable precession and was successfully validated according to International Conference of Harmonization protocols. Antimicrobial screenings of ursolic acid revealed potent activity against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and three fungal starins viz. Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans.
P. Dzubak, M. Hajduch, D. Vydra, A. Hustova, M. Kvasnica, D. Biedermann, L. Markova, M. Urban, J. Sarek, Nat. Prod. Rep. 23 (2006) 394–411.
Sarek J. , '' (2006 ) 23 Nat. Prod. Rep. : 394 -411 .
J.D. Connolly, R.A. Hill, Nat. Prod. Rep. 19 (2000) 494–512.
Hill R.A. , '' (2000 ) 19 Nat. Prod. Rep. : 494 -512 .
G.D. Prestwich, I. Abe, Y.F. Zheng, B.J. Robustel, T. Dang, Pure Appl. Chem. 71 (1999) 1127–1131.
Dang T. , '' (1999 ) 71 Pure Appl. Chem. : 1127 -1131 .
A.A. Semenov, Ocherk khimii prirodnykh soedinenii (Essay on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2000.
Semenov A.A. , '', in Ocherk khimii prirodnykh soedinenii , (2000 ) -.
Xu. Ran, G.C. Faizo, S.P.T. Matsuda, Phytochemistry 65 (2004) 261–291.
Matsuda S.P.T. , '' (2004 ) 65 Phytochemistry : 261 -291 .
W. Tang, G. Eisenbrand, Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin, Springer-Verlag, 1992, p. 1056.
B.N. Sastry, In the Wealth of India, Raw Materials, CSIR, New Delhi, 1952, Vol. III, p.76.
Sastry B.N. , '', in In the Wealth of India, Raw Materials , (1952 ) -.
K.K. Rout, R.K. Singh, S.K. Mishra, J. Planar Chromatogr. 24 (2011) 376–380.
Mishra S.K. , '' (2011 ) 24 J. Planar Chromatogr. : 376 -380 .
S. Manez, M.C. Recio, R.M. Giner, J.L. Rios, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 334 (1997) 103–105.
Rios J.L. , '' (1997 ) 334 Eur. J. Pharmacol. : 103 -105 .
H. Tokuda, H. Ohigashi, K. Koshimizu, Y. Ito, Cancer Lett. 33 (1986) 279–285.
Ito Y. , '' (1986 ) 33 Cancer Lett. : 279 -285 .
A. Najid, A. Simon, J. Cook, H.C. Rabinovitch, C. Delage, A.J. Chulia, M. Rigaud, FEBS Lett. 299 (1992) 213–217.
Rigaud M. , '' (1992 ) 299 FEBS Lett. : 213 -217 .
F. Hollosy, M. Idei, G. Csorba, E. Szabo, G. Bokonyi, A. Seprodi, G. Meszaros, B. Szende, G. Keri, Anticancer Res. 21 (2001) 3485–3491.
Keri G. , '' (2001 ) 21 Anticancer Res. : 3485 -3491 .
S.Y. Ryu, C.K. Lee, C.O Lee, H.S Kim, O.P. Zee, Arch. Pharm. Res. 15 (1992) 242–245.
Zee O.P. , '' (1992 ) 15 Arch. Pharm. Res. : 242 -245 .
H.X. Xu, F.Q. Zeng, M. Wan, K.Y. Sim, J. Nat. Prod. 59 (1996) 643–645.
Sim K.Y. , '' (1996 ) 59 J. Nat. Prod. : 643 -645 .
J. Li, L.Z. Xu, W.P. Zhu, T.M. Zhang, X.M. Li, A.P. Jin, K.M. Huang, D.L. Li, Q.R. Yang, Chin. Oncol. 9 (1999) 395–397.
Yang Q.R. , '' (1999 ) 9 Chin. Oncol. : 395 -397 .
F. Hollosy, M. Idei, G. Csorba, E. Szabo, G. Bokonyi, A. Seprodi, G. Meszaros, B. Szende, G. Keri, Anticancer Res. 21 (2001) 3485–3491.
Keri G. , '' (2001 ) 21 Anticancer Res. : 3485 -3491 .
M.Y. Rios, A.G. Morales, M.L. Villarreal, Planta Med. 67 (2001) 683–684.
Villarreal M.L. , '' (2001 ) 67 Planta Med. : 683 -684 .
S.V. Nampoothiri, S.S.B Raj, A. Ranjith, A. Prathapan, A. Sundaresan, J. Planar Chromatogr. 24 (2011) 77–81.
Sundaresan A. , '' (2011 ) 24 J. Planar Chromatogr. : 77 -81 .
O.N. Pozharitskaya, S.A. Ivanova, A.N. Shikov, V.G. Makarov, J. Sep. Sci. 29 (2006) 2245–2250.
Makarov V.G. , '' (2006 ) 29 J. Sep. Sci. : 2245 -2250 .
K. Krohn, M.S. Rao, N.V. Raman, M. Khalilullah, Phytochem. Anal. 12 (2001) 374–376.
Khalilullah M. , '' (2001 ) 12 Phytochem. Anal. : 374 -376 .
M.W. Kosior, J. Pre-Clin. Clin. Res. 1 (2007) 176–178.
Kosior M.W. , '' (2007 ) 1 J. Pre-Clin. Clin. Res. : 176 -178 .
I. Ionkova, T. Kartnig, Pharmazie 52 (1997) 218–220.
Kartnig T. , '' (1997 ) 52 Pharmazie : 218 -220 .
N. Vasilev, P. Nedialkov, I. Ionkova, S. Ninov, Pharmazie 59 (2004) 528–529.
Ninov S. , '' (2004 ) 59 Pharmazie : 528 -529 .
K.K. Rout, S. Mishra, S.K. Mishra, S. Sahoo, Food 3 (2009) 73–76.
Sahoo S. , '' (2009 ) 3 Food : 73 -76 .
K.K. Rout, S.K. Mishra, J. Sherma, Acta Chromatogr. 21 (2009) 443–452.
Sherma J. , '' (2009 ) 21 Acta Chromatogr. : 443 -452 .
W. Seebacher, N. Simic, R. Weis, R. Saf, O. Kunert, Magn. Reson. Chem. 41 (2003) 636–638.
Kunert O. , '' (2003 ) 41 Magn. Reson. Chem. : 636 -638 .
P.R. Murray, E.J. Barron, M.A. Pfaller, F.C. Tenover, R.H. Yolken, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th edn., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1995.
Yolken R.H. , '', in Manual of Clinical Microbiology , (1995 ) -.
S. Mishra, S. Sahoo, S.K. Mishra, S.K. Mishra, K.K. Rout, S.K. Nayak, N.K. Dhal, Med. Arom. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. 3 (2009) 55–58.
Dhal N.K. , '' (2009 ) 3 Med. Arom. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. : 55 -58 .
M.J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan, N.R. Krieg, Microbiology, Fifth edn., Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2005, p. 137–139.
Krieg N.R. , '', in Microbiology , (2005 ) -.
Annonymous, Indian Pharmacopoeia, The Controller of Publication, New Delhi, 1996, p. 100–108.
Validation of Analytical Procedure: Methodology Q2 (R1), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA), Geneva, 1996.
K.K. Rout, S.K. Mishra, J. Planar Chromatogr. 22 (2009) 127–131.
Mishra S.K. , '' (2009 ) 22 J. Planar Chromatogr. : 127 -131 .