Világszerte egyre több, a Barrett-esophagus talaján kialakult korai nyelőcsőrákot diagnosztizálnak köszönhetően a hatásos követési vizsgálatoknak. Subtotalis nyelőcsőkiirtás kétmezős lymphadenectomiával a leghatásosabb sebészi kezelési mód korai nyelőcsőrákok esetén. Ez a radikális műtét azonban jelentős mortalitással, morbiditással jár együtt, és jelentős életminőségbeli romlást okozhat. Emiatt újabban elterjedőben vannak a kevésbé invazív módszerek, így az endoscopos ablatio és a limitált radikalitású sebészi módszerek. A kezeléssel együtt járó szövődmények, a daganatkiújulás és a hosszú távú funkcionális eredmények összevetése alapján egyik módszer sem tartható egységesen elfogadottnak. Egyénre szabott döntéshozatalt kell alkalmazni, amely függ a daganat stádiumától, az esetlegeses multicentricitás a Barrett-nyálkahártyahossztól és a beteg teherbíró képességétől. A sebészi resectio – ami lehet radikális vagy limitált – marad azonban a legbiztonságosabb megoldás a submucosára terjedő daganat és multicentricitás esetén, valamint endoscopos ablatio után kialakult recidíva kezelésében.
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