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Balázs ÁcsSemmelweis Egyetem II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet Budapest

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A. Marcell SzászSemmelweis Egyetem II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet Budapest

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Janina KulkaSemmelweis Egyetem II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet Budapest

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László HarsányiSemmelweis Egyetem I. Sz. Sebészeti Klinika 1082 Budapest Üllői út 78.

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Attila ZarándSemmelweis Egyetem I. Sz. Sebészeti Klinika 1082 Budapest Üllői út 78.

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A rectum középső és alsó harmada válogatott daganatainak ellátására kifejlesztett transanalis endoscopos mikrosebészeti (TEM) eljárás alacsony recidíva- és szövődményrátájú, így a hagyományos műtéti technikák alternatívája lehet, ha az onkológiai radikalitás szempontjából nem jelent kompromisszumot. A TEM-eljárás 2013 őszétől érhető el – Magyarországon második centrumként, de jelenleg a legkorszerűbb felszereltségű − a Semmelweis Egyetem I. Sz. Sebészeti Klinikáján. Jelen vizsgálatunkban célul tűztük ki, hogy az utóbbi egy év klinikopatológiai adatait elemezzük. 2013. szeptember és 2014. szeptember között TEM-technikával operált betegek adatait elemeztük retrospektív módon. 44 beteg került TEM-eljárással ellátásra rectumneoplasia miatt. Szövettani vizsgálattal az elváltozások között 12 low grade adenoma, 14 high grade adenoma, 17 invasiv adenocarcinoma és 1 neuroendokrin tumor volt. A low grade és high grade adenomák, illetve adenocarcinomák mérete között nem tudtunk szignifikáns különbséget kimutatni (p = 0,210). A 30 mm alatti és feletti elváltozások között a szövettani diagnózisok tekintetében szignifikáns különbséget nem tapasztaltunk (p = 0,424). A 44 esetből 13 esetben a praeoperativ szövettani vizsgálat kedvezőbb prognózisú elváltozást jelzett, mint a TEM-excisiós preparátumon végzett végleges szövettani elemzés (p < 0,001). A szövettani vizsgálat 41 esetben (95,3%) igazolta az épben történő kimetszést. Mindazonáltal a több darabban vagy mucosectomiával történő polypectomia – különösen nagyméretű adenomák esetében – nem tekinthető elegendő kezelésnek, ezért – más kutatócsoportokhoz hasonlóan – javasoljuk a TEM-technikával a teljes rectumfalra kiterjedő excisiót. A pT2 stádiumú daganatok esetében a választandó eljárás tekintetében a jelenleg is zajló prospektív klinikai vizsgálatok fognak bizonyosságot adni.

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