Az elülső mediastinum leggyakoribb daganata, a thymoma videotorakoszkópos eltávolítása mára világszerte elterjedőben lévő, de sok tekintetben még vitatott műtéti eljárássá vált. Az egyoldali megközelítéssel végzett műtéteink korai és késői eredményeit elemezzük két magyar mellkassebészeti centrum 17 éves adatai alapján.
A thymoma anatómiai helyzetétől függően jobb vagy bal oldal felől, 2 vagy 3 intercostalis porton keresztül, ultrahangos vágóeszköz és elektrokauter segítségével thymomectomiát és thymectomiát végeztünk Masaoka–Koga I–II–III. stádiumban. Nemzetközi standardokat alkalmazva elemeztük a perioperatív szövődményeket, a középtávú onkológiai és a myastheniás klinikai eredményeket.
54 beteg (23 férfi, 31 nő), életkori átlag 58 (26–79) év, közülük 23 myasthenia gravis betegséggel. Konverzió: 7/61 (11,5%). Átlagos műtéti idő: 84 (39–150) perc. Átlagos ápolási idő: 5,5 (3–19) nap. Thymoma átlagos mérete: 46 (18–90) mm. Szövettan: A (2), AB (19), B1/2/3 (11/11/1), vegyes B (10). Reszekciós vonal: R0/1/2 (41/12/1). Masaoka–Koga-stádium: I. (17), IIA. (29), IIB. (1), III. (7). 25 thymomectomia, 29 thymectomia. Hét betegnél kiterjesztés pericardiumra (2), tüdőre (4), rekeszidegre (6), vena anonymára (1). 30 napon túli kórházi halálozás 1 eset (1,85%). Morbiditás: 11/54 (20,4%). Átlagos követési idő 62,6 (5–198) hónap. A myastheniás betegcsoportban a műtét effektivitása 18/21 (85,7%), ezen belül a komplett remisszió 5/21 (23,8%). Postthymectomiás myasthenia gravis 2/31 (6,5%) esetben alakult ki. Az általános 5 éves túlélés 100% volt, a daganatmentes 5 éves túlélés 96%-nak bizonyult.
A korai eredményekben a thymomectomia magasabb aránya és a magas konverziós ráta, valamint az alacsonyabb R0-arány összefügghet a sebészek szemléletével, tanulóidejével és az egyoldali műtéti módszer korlátaival. A késői eredmények a követési idő növekedésével reálisabbá és összehasonlíthatóbbá válhatnak. Az egyoldali VATS-technika helyett a kedvezőbb vizuális jellemzők miatt áttértünk a subxyphoid VATS-thymectomiák végzésére.
Thymoma is the most common tumour of the anterior mediastinum. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery technique of thymoma resection is spreading world-wide, but the thoracoscopic method is still contentious in many ways. Authors evaluate the early and mid-term results of a 17 years period of VATS unilateral approach at 2 Hungarian thoracic surgical centers.
Depending on the anatomical situation of the thymoma, we performed thymectomy, or partial thymectomy (thymomectomy) for the Masaoka–Koga I–II–III stage thymoma from the right or left side through 2 or 3 intercostal ports. We managed the operations with ultrasonic dissector and electrocauter. By using international standards we evaluated perioperative morbidity, mid-term oncological results and clinical symptoms of myasthenia.
23 of the 54 patients were man, 31 were woman, the average age was 58 (26–79) years, 23 of them had myasthenia. The conversion rate was 11,5% (7/61). The average operation time was 84 (39–150) minutes. The average hospitalisation time was 5.5 (3–19) days. The average size of the thymomas was 46 (18–90) mm. The histology resulted thymoma type A in 2 cases, AB in 19 cases, B1/2/3 in 11/11/1 cases, mixed B in 10 cases. The examination of the resection line was R0/1/2 in 42/11/1 cases. The Masaoka–Koga stages were: I (17), IIA (28), IIB (2), III (7). There was 25 thymomectomies, and 29 thymectomies. In seven cases there were extension of the operation to the pericardium (2), to the lung (2), to the phrenic nerve (6), and to innominate vein (1). The in-hospital mortality over 30 day was in 1 case (1.85%). The morbidity was 11/54 (20.4%). The average follow-up time was 62.56 (5–198) months. In the group with myasthenia the effectivity of the operation was 18/21 (85.7%), including complete remission of 5/21 (23.8%). Post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis developed in 2/31 cases (6.5%). The average 5 years survival was 100%, tumour-free 5 years survival was 96%.
The higher proportion of the thymomectomy in the early results, higher conversion rate and lower R0 proportion might be in connection with the attitude of the surgeons, with the learning curve and with the limitations of the unilateral method. After a longer follow-up time late results may become more real and comparable. Instead of unilateral VATS technique we have changed to the subxyphoideal approach of VATS because of its better visualisation.
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