Az igen ritka felnőttkori nem hiatális, azaz nem paraoesophagealis típusú transdiaphragmaticus sérveket – a veleszületett rekeszizom defektusok mintájára – általánosan Bochdalek, ill. Larey-Morgagni-sérveknek nevezik. Etiológia tekintetében a nem diagnosztizált és kezelt veleszületett eredet, a traumás kontúziós-szakadásos, az iatrogen, ill. a recidív típus említendő meg.
Esetismertetésünkben egy felnőttkori recidív, kizáródott Bochdalek-sérv sikeres műtéti ellátását ismertetjük. A 23 éves férfi beteg kórelőzményében 11 éves korában bal oldali Bochdalek-sérv miatt végzett thoracoscopos rekeszizom sutura szerepel. Epigastrialis fájdalmak, hányinger, hányás, akut hasi megbetegedés klinikai tünetei miatt jelentkezett Intézetünkben. Az elvégzett sürgős mellkasi és hasi CT-vizsgálat a bal mellüregben elhelyezkedő, kizáródott, vékonybélkacsokat tartalmazó Bochdalek-sérvet igazolt. Sürgős laparotomia során az életképesnek bizonyult sérvtartalmat (a vékonybéltraktus 2/3 része, a colon flexura lienalisa és a pancreas farok) a hasüregbe reponáltuk, a sérvkaput direkt suturával zártuk, és szövetszeparáló sebészi hálóval fedtük, valamint a mellüreget draináltuk. A postoperatív szak eseménytelenül zajlott. Kontroll-CT-vizsgálat a reconstruált rekeszizom és pleuro-peritonealis rétegek folytonosságát mutatta. A 10. posztoperatív napon panaszmentesen bocsátottuk otthonába.
Megbeszélés: Mint minden kizáródott sérv esetében, a diagnózis mihamarabbi felállítása és az időben elvégzett műtét kulcsfontosságú. A mellkasi drenázs szükségességét minden esetnél körültekintően mérlegelni kell. A műtét után a mell- és hasüregben kialakult új anatómiai viszonyok miatt cardialis és respiratoricus szövődmények alakulhatnak ki. Álláspontunk szerint a betegség ritkasága miatt centrumban kezelendő. Ezen ritka állapot sikeres gyógyítása többszakmás együttműködésen alapul, melynek meghatározó eleme a helyesen megválasztott rekeszi felszínt helyreállító műtéti technika alkalmazása.
The extremely rare adult non-hiatal, i.e. non-paraesophageal transdiaphragmatic hernias -along the lines of congenital diaphragmatic defects- are generally termed Bochdalek or Larey-Morgagni hernias. Regarding the etiology, undiagnosed and non-treated congenital origin, traumatic contusion-rupture of the diaphragm, iatrogenic, or recurrent types should be mentioned.
In our case report, we describe the successful surgical treatment of a recurrent, incarcerated Bochdalek hernia in an adult. The past medical history of the 23-year-old male patient included thoracoscopic reconstruction of his left-sided Bochdalek's hernia by direct diaphragmatic suture at the age of 11. He presented to the ER with epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and acute abdomen. An urgent chest and abdominal CT scan identified a voluminous irreducible Bochdalek hernia in the left thoracic cavity containing small intestinal loops.
An urgent emergency laparotomy was performed, the contents of the hernia (2/3 of the small intestinal tract, the splenic flexure of the colon and the tail of the pancreas) were viable, and were repositioned into the abdominal cavity. The orifice of the hernia was closed with a direct suture, subsequently covered with tissue-separating surgical mesh, and the chest cavity was drained. The postoperative period was uneventful. Control CT scan showed the continuity of the reconstructed diaphragm and pleuro-peritoneal layers. He was discharged on the 10th postoperative day free of complaints.
Discussion: As with all cases of incarcerated hernias, early diagnosis and timely surgery are of paramount importance. The need for thoracic drainage needs to be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Postoperatively cardiac and respiratory complications may develop due to the new anatomical situation in the chest- and abdominal cavity. In our opinion, because of the rarity of the above disease, it should be treated in a high profile surgical center. The successful treatment of this rare condition is based on multidisciplinary collaboration, concerning the surgical aspects, the application of an appropriate technique to restore the diaphragmatic surface is a crucial element.
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