Background enhancements in neutron capture prompt -ray activation analysis were determined over a large range of total scattering cross sections by irradiating graphite, S, Be, paraffin, urea and H2O targets. Relative to irradiations using no target, B, Na, Cl, Al, and Pb backgrounds were 7–12 times greater with 2 ml of H2O, but N and Fe backgrounds were only 1.2 and 1.75 times greater, respectively. For biological targets, background count rates can be determined as functions of the 2223 ke V H photopeak count rate.