Positron lifetime studies of free volume hole size distribution in amorphous and in semi-crystalline polymers

G. Dlubek; A. Clarke; H. Fretwell; S. Dugdale; M. Alam

doi:10.1007/bf02036257

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume/Issue:: Volume 211: Issue 1

Positron lifetime studies of free volume hole size distribution in amorphous and in semi-crystalline polymers

Authors:

G. Dlubek

G. Dlubek

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A. Clarke

A. Clarke University of Bristol H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory Tyndall Avenue BS8 1TL Bristol (UK)

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H. Fretwell

H. Fretwell University of Bristol H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory Tyndall Avenue BS8 1TL Bristol (UK)

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S. Dugdale

S. Dugdale University of Bristol H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory Tyndall Avenue BS8 1TL Bristol (UK)

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M. Alam

M. Alam University of Bristol H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory Tyndall Avenue BS8 1TL Bristol (UK)

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Pages:: 69–76

Online Publication Date:: 13 Aug 2005

Publication Date:: 17 Nov 1996

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02036257

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Abstract

Positron lifetime spectroscopy has been applied to estimate the free-volume hole size distribution in glassy polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) as well as in plastically deformed and undeformed, semi-crystalline polyethylene (HDPE). The hole radius density distribution is determined from the ortho-positronium lifetime distribution which is obtained via a Laplace-inversion of the positron lifetime spectrum. The hole volume density distribution and the number density distribution of holes is estimated from the hole radius density distribution. In PC and in PS all of the distributions may be well approximated by a single Gaussian. The hole radius and the hole number density distributions have centres <r> and <v_n> at 0.29 nm and 0.1 nm³ in PC, and at 0.28 nm and 0.09 nm³ in PS. The FWHM of the corresponding distributions are 0.042 nm and 0.040 nm³ (PC), and 0.039 nm and 0.34 nm³ (PS), respectively. Both, the shape and the width of the distributions correlate well with the free volume theory of BUECHE. In PE the lifetime spectra consist of four components. The o-Ps lifetime distribution is bimodal and may be attributed to o-Ps annihilation in the crystalline and in the amorphous phase of the polymer. The corresponding hole size distributions show definite changes of their position and width following plastic deformation which we attribute to homogeneous crystal lattice dilatation and/or a local disorder in the crystals and to an increase in the eccentricity of holes in the amorphous phase.

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Print ISSN:: 0236-5731

Online ISSN:: 1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	1968
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	12
Founder	Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN	1588-2780 (Online)