The surface structure of triuranium octaoxide (U3O8) and the effect of CO on surface behaviour have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An intensity analysis of the composite U4f photoelectron spectrum of U3O8 shows that this compound should be written as U2VIUIVOg. After exposure to 7.2·106 L CO (1 L=1.33·10–4 Pa·s), the oxygen content in the surface is decreased and the O1s/U4f ratio decreases about 10%. The investigation indicated that the surface layer of triuranium octaoxide was partially reduced in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide.