The activity of137Cs was determined in mosses and their surrounding soils in three Venezuelan cloud forests. The concentration of137Cs in both the mosses and their respective soils were correlated with elevation (m.a.s.l.). This relationship was the result of the cloud forest effect, no direct deposition by condensation below the base of the clouds and increasing deposition of137Cs with the density of the clouds. The ratio of the activity of137Cs in the mosses to their surrounding soils was in general the same for sites near the top of the mountains, but the ratio at the Altos de pipe location was 3.5 times higher than that of the La Sierra mountain. This was explained by the difference in the water content of the surface and the top soil layer. It was concluded that the137Cs measured in the mosses was from the soil effect rather than new deposition of137Cs in the last three years.