We have used Compton suppression gamma ray counting to effectively measure 137Cs in undisturbed environmental samples weighing only one hundred grams of material. Our results have shown that Compton suppression is ideal in determining low levels (1–3 Bq/kg) of 137Cs in soil samples, while the Compton advantage is negligible for higher concentrations. Quality assurance and quality control experiments show that for samples weighing 100–200 grams, gamma-ray attenuation is significant (up to 10% difference) when analyzing different soil compositions.