Gamma-spectrometry and residual nuclide analysis of pion irradiated PbWO4 crystals

P. Aarnio; T. Hakulinen; M. Huhtinen

doi:10.1023/a:1010680009624

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume/Issue:: Volume 248: Issue 2

Gamma-spectrometry and residual nuclide analysis of pion irradiated PbWO4 crystals

Authors:

P. Aarnio

P. Aarnio Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems FIN-02015 HUT Finland

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T. Hakulinen

T. Hakulinen CERN Helsinki Institute of Physics CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland

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M. Huhtinen

M. Huhtinen CERN/EP European Laboratory for Particle Physics CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland

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Pages:: 385–393

Online Publication Date:: 29 Oct 2004

Publication Date:: 17 May 2001

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010680009624

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Abstract

The electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS detector at CERN, Geneva will consist of PbWO₄ crystals and be exposed to a hadron flux of 10⁶ cm^-2·s^-1, mostly pions, during its operation. We have used FLUKA and DETRA codes for advance prediction of the activation of the detector. To assess the accuracy of these calculations, a small PbWO₄ crystal was irradiated in a 345 MeV/c pion beam of the PSI to a fluence of 1.6·10¹² cm^-2. The resulting activation was measured using an HPGe-detector after cooling times varying from a few minutes to 14 months. The spectra were analyzed using the SAMPO 90 code for peak search and area determination and the SHAMAN code for radionuclide identification and quantification. The spectra were extremely complex and the first ones measured not useful due to violent peak overlap and pile-up. The number of found peaks in the spectra we analyzed varied between 841 and 128 peaks depending on the cooling time. The corresponding number of nuclides identified per spectrum varied between 116 and 15. The comparisons between the predicted time-development of the nuclide composition by FLUKA/DETRA and the analyzed results show that the activities of nuclides agree excellently for the most important nuclides and very well even for the less abundant ones. The total dose rate in the vicinity of the activated crystals, including its time dependence, is very well reproduced by the FLUKA/DETRA calculations.

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Print ISSN:: 0236-5731

Online ISSN:: 1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	1968
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	12
Founder	Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN	1588-2780 (Online)