Distribution of 14C and 3H in low level radioactive wastes generated by wet waste streams from pressurized water reactors

S. D. Park; H. N. Lee; H. J. Ahn; J. S. Kim; S. H. Han; K. Y. Jee

doi:10.1007/s10967-006-0456-3

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume/Issue:: Volume 270: Issue 3

Distribution of ¹⁴C and ³H in low level radioactive wastes generated by wet waste streams from pressurized water reactors

Authors:

S. D. Park

S. D. Park Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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H. N. Lee

H. N. Lee Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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H. J. Ahn

H. J. Ahn Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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J. S. Kim

J. S. Kim Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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S. H. Han

S. H. Han Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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, and

K. Y. Jee

K. Y. Jee Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, 305-600, Daejeon, Korea

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Pages:: 507–514

Online Publication Date:: 18 Nov 2006

Publication Date:: 17 Dec 2006

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0456-3

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Summary

It is impossible to detect ¹⁴C and ³H by direct methods such as γ-spectroscopy because they are pure b-emitters and thus they are classified as hard to measure nuclides (HTM). In this paper the analysis results of ¹⁴C and ³H in the low level radioactive wastes (LLWs), including spent ion exchange resin, evaporated bottom and sludge are presented. The LLWs were generated by three nuclear power plants (NPPs), in Korea all with pressurized water type reactors (PWRs). A simultaneous separation procedure for ¹⁴C and ³H in LLWs was established by wet oxidation-acid stripping. A liquid scintillation analyzer was used for the measurement of ¹⁴C and ³H. It was found that the recovery of ¹⁴C and ³H was 82-99 and 78-103%, respectively, by wet oxidation-acid stripping with diluted standard solutions. At the lowest injection of ¹⁴C and ³H, i.e., at 1.44 Bq for ¹⁴C and 1.22 Bq for ³H, the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of ¹⁴C and ³H was calculated as 0.88 and 0.78 Bq/g, respectively, for the minimum allowable sample weight, using wet oxidation and 16 wt% H₂SO₄ acid. By the wet oxidation-16 wt% H₂SO₄ stripping method no interfering nuclides were detected in the trapping solution of ¹⁴CO₂ and the distillate of ³H. The activity concentration range of ¹⁴C in the analyzed samples, i.e., spent ion exchange resin, evaporated bottom and sludge, was 0.17-110,000, 8.4-1380 and 0.1-10,006 Bq/g, respectively, and that of ³H in the same was from no detectable to 769, 134-14,383 and 0.7-4820 Bq/g, respectively.

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Print ISSN:: 0236-5731

Online ISSN:: 1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	1968
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	12
Founder	Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN	1588-2780 (Online)