Measurement of naturally occurring/fallout radioactive elements and assessment of annual effective dose in soil samples collected from four districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan

S. Rahman; Matiullah; F. Malik; M. Rafique; J. Anwar; M. Ziafat; A. Jabbar

doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0819-7

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume/Issue:: Volume 287: Issue 2

Measurement of naturally occurring/fallout radioactive elements and assessment of annual effective dose in soil samples collected from four districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan

Authors:

S. Rahman

S. Rahman

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Matiullah

Matiullah Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan

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F. Malik

F. Malik Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan

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M. Rafique

M. Rafique Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir Pakistan

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J. Anwar

J. Anwar Department of Physics, CIIT, Islamabad, Pakistan

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M. Ziafat

M. Ziafat KRL, Kahuta, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

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A. Jabbar

A. Jabbar Department of Physics, CIIT, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Pages:: 647–655

Online Publication Date:: 07 Sep 2010

Publication Date:: 01 Feb 2011

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0819-7

Keywords:: HPGe γ-ray spectrometry; Health risks; Radium equivalent activity; Annual effective dose; Soil sampling

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Abstract

Soil samples were collected from different localities of districts Jhelum, Chakwal, Rawalpindi and Attock, Punjab Province, Pakistan with an aim to measure naturally occurring radionuclides, namely ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and fallout ¹³⁷Cs radionuclide using a P-type coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometer. Measured specific activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in these soil samples ranged from 26.02 ± 7.11 to 93.54 ± 8.13 Bq kg⁻¹, 29.34 ± 2.58 to 114.41 ± 2.80 Bq kg⁻¹ and 348.15 ± 3.20 to 752.98 ± 4.20 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. Activity due to ¹³⁷Cs was observed in some locations which ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 to 7.8 ± 0.3 Bq kg⁻¹. From the measured activity concentrations, radium equivalent activity concentrations were determined followed by calculations of mean absorbed dose rate and mean annual effective dose for the inhabitants of the studied area. The mean radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard indices values came out to be 179.26 ± 11.93 Bq kg⁻¹, 0.64 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.03, respectively. Indoors and outdoor average annual effective dose values were found to be 0.42 ± 0.03 and 0.10 ± 0.01 mSv, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other parts of the world and found to be safe for public and environment.

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Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Print ISSN:: 0236-5731

Online ISSN:: 1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	1968
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	12
Founder	Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN	1588-2780 (Online)