Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Volume/Issue:
Volume 293: Issue 2

Sorption of anthropogenic radionuclides on natural and synthetic inorganic sorbents

Authors:
M. Galamboš Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

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P. Suchánek Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

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O. Rosskopfová Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

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Pages:
613–633
Online Publication Date:
02 Apr 2012
Publication Date:
01 Aug 2012
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1717-y
Keywords:
Sorption; Bentonite; Zeolite; Hydroxyapatite; Magnetic sorbent; Ferrocyanide; Silica; Fission products; Activation products; Corrosion products; Transuranium elements
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Abstract  

The history of sorption and ion-exchange processes starts with the use of natural materials which properties were discovered coincidentally and ends with the age of polymer and anorganic—or synthetic sorbents specifically made for a particular project. Its objectives are focused on sorption of anthropogenic radionuclides originating from nuclear power plant operations (fission, activation, corrosion products and transuranium elements) on bentonites, zeolites, hydroxyapatites, magnetic sorbent, ferrocyanides, and silica sorbent. Bentonites from Slovak deposits should be used as part of multi-barrier system in deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel and high level radioactive waste. Zeolites are used as molecular sieves, catalysts, ion-exchangers, sorbents, water softeners, in wastewater treatment, in chemistry industry, buildings. Hydroxyapatite is a suitable sorbent for heavy metals and radionuclides due to its low water solubility, high stability under reducing and oxidizing conditions, high specific surface area and good buffering properties. The leaching wastes from the Sereď hydrometallurgical plant represent a large stock of inexpensive, ready-to-use magnetic sorbent for the decontamination of soil or sediments in their common suspensions, followed by the magnetic separation and sorbent recycling. Insoluble ferrocyanides of nickel are highly selective sorbents for heavy alkali metals ions, and therefore can be used to separate cesium from liquid radioactve waste. Silica sorbents modified with imidazole can be used for the separation of cobalt ions from aqueous solution.

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Cover Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Print ISSN:
0236-5731
Online ISSN:
1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1968
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 12
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2780 (Online)

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