Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Volume/Issue:
Volume 294: Issue 3
Measurement of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in beach sand minerals using HPGe based gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors:
S. Sartandel Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India

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S. Bara Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India

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S. Chinnaesakki Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India

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R. Tripathi Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India

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V. Puranik Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India

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Pages:
447–451
Online Publication Date:
02 Mar 2012
Publication Date:
01 Dec 2012
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1695-0
Keywords:
Beach sand minerals; Synthetic rutile; NORM; Activity concentration; Gamma-ray spectrometry
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Abstract  

This paper discusses the measurement of naturally occurring radioactivity materials (NORM) in beach sand minerals using high resolution gamma spectrometry. In India, the beach sand minerals of economic interest from coastal Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Orissa are enriched with NORM due to the occurrence of monazite deposits and heavy minerals such as zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, rutile etc. Since many of these ores are rich in 232Th and other radio elements, certification of radioactivity levels has become mandatory in recent years. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra in zircon, rutile and garnet were 3,531, 1,134 and 17 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average activity concentration of 232Th observed in zircon, rutile and garnet were 618, 454 and 64 Bq kg−1, respectively. Concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in ilmenite ore ranged from 17.6–444 Bq kg−1, 80.4–1971 Bq kg−1 and ≤5.5–25.0 Bq kg−1, respectively.

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Cover Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Print ISSN:
0236-5731
Online ISSN:
1588-2780

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Journal of Radionalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1968
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 12
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 0236-5731 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2780 (Online)

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