Geopolymers
Inorganic polymeric new materials
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Gurdip Singh
Gurdip Singh
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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A. K. Shrimal
A. K. Shrimal
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Inder Pal Singh Kapoor
Inder Pal Singh Kapoor
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Chandra Prakash Singh
Chandra Prakash Singh
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Dinesh Kumar
Dinesh Kumar
Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Manan S. Mudi
Manan S. Mudi
Department of Explosives, Deputy Controller of Explosives, Nagpur 440006, India
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Abstract
Three transition metal perchlorate complexes of general formula [M(dah)2)](ClO4)2 (where M = Zn, Cu, and Ni; dah = 1,6-diaminohexane) have been prepared, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and gravimetric method. The thermal decomposition has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kinetics parameters of their thermolysis were evaluated by model-fitting and isoconversional methods using isothermal TG data. Model-fitting method has given the single value of activation energy (E) whereas; isoconversional method yields a series of E values which vary with the extent of conversion. Further ignition delay of these complexes was measured to see the response toward rapid heating with varying amounts. The thermal stability of the complexes decreases in the order as: [Zn(dah)2)](ClO4)2 > [Cu(dah)2)](ClO4)2 > [Ni(dah)2)](ClO4)2
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1. Singh, G, Kapoor, IPS, Pandey, DK 2002 Hexammine metal perchlorate complexes as energetic burning rate modifiers. J Energ Mater. 20:223–244 .
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2. Allan, JR, Beaumont, PC, Milburn, GHW, Wood, I 1993 Structural and thermal studies of the chloro complexes of cobalt, nickel and copper with 1,6-hexanediamine. Thermochim Acta. 219:159–165 .
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3. Mathew, S, Nair, CGR, Ninan, KN 1991 Quantitative correlations of activation parameters and procedural factors-dependence on reaction type. Thermochim Acta. 184:269–294 .
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4. Patil, KC, Verneker, VRP, Jain, SR 1976 Metal perchlorate ammines: thermal and infrared studies. Thermochim Acta. 15:257–260 .
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6. Sawant SY , Kannan KR, Verneker VMS. Thirteenth national symposium on thermal analysis BARC. Mumbai; 2002.
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7. Singh, G, Felix, SP 2003 Studies of energetic compounds Part 29: effect of NTO and its salts on the combustion and condensed phase thermolysis of composite solid propellants HTPB-AP. Combust Flame. 132:422–432 .
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8. Singh, G, Kapoor, IPS, Tiwari, SK, Felix, SP, Varghese, TL, Ninan, KN 2002 Studies on energetic compounds, Part 15: transition metal salts of NTO as potential energetic ballistic modifiers for composite solid propellants. J Energ Mater. 20:309–327 .
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9. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2003 Studies on energetic compounds, Part 27: kinetics and mechanism of thermolysis of bis(ethylendiamine)metal nitrates and their role in the burning rate of solid propellants. Propellant Explos Pyrotech. 28:231–239 .
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10. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2003 Studies on energetic compounds, Part 35: kinetics of thermal decomposition of nitrate complexes of some transition metals with propylenediamine. Combust Flame 135:135–143 .
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11. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2005 Studies of energetic compounds, Part 43: effect of some BEMP complexes on the combustion and condensed phase thermolysis of HTPB-AP composite solid propellants. Ind J Chem Technol. 12:175–180.
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12. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2002 Kinetics and mechanism of thermolysis of hexammine metal perchlorates. J Energ Mater. 20:135–152 .
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13. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2004 Thermal studies on energetic compounds Part 30: kinetics and mechanism of bis(diethyltriamine) metal nitrate complexes. J Therm Anal Calorim. 76:507–519 .
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14. Singh, G, Pandey, DK 2005 Studies on energetic compounds, Part 40: kinetics of thermal decomposition of bis(propylenediamine)metal perchlorate complexes. J Therm Anal Calorim. 82:253–260 .
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15. Singh, G, Mannan, SM 2005 Kinetics of thermolysis of some transition metal perchlorate complexes with 1,4-diaminobutane ligand. Thermochim Acta. 437:21–25 .
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16. Singh, G, Singh, CP, Mannan, SM 2006 Preparation, characterization and thermolysis of metal nitrate complexes with 4,4′-bipyridine. J Therm Anal Calorim. 85:425–431 .
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17. Singh, G, Baranwal, BP, Kapoor, IPS, Kumar, D, Singh, CP, Frohlich, R 2008 Preparation, X-ray crystallography and thermal decomposition of some transition metal nitrate complexes with hexamethyleneteramine. J Therm Anal Calorim. 91:971–976 .
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18. Singh, G, Baranwal, BP, Kapoor, IPS, Kumar, D, Frohlich, R 2007 Preparation, X-ray crystallography and thermal decomposition of some transition metal perchlorate complexes of hexamethyleneteramine. J Phys Chem A 111:12972–12976 .
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19. Singh G , Kapoor IPS, Kumar D. Preparation, characterization and kinetics of thermal decomposition of some transition metal nitrate complexes of piperidine. In: Proceedings of IASPEP; 2007. pp. 120–26.
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20. Singh, G, Kapoor, IPS, Kumar, D, Nidhi, Goel, Singh, UP 2009 Preparation, X-ray crystallography and thermal decomposition of transition metal perchlorate complexes with perchlorate and 2,2′-bipyridyl ligands. Inorg Chim Acta. 362:4091–4098 .
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21. AI Vogel J Basset eds. 1995 Vogel′s text book of quantitative inorganic analysis 4 Longman London.
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22. Nakamoto, K 1978 Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds Wiley and Sons New York 206–208.
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23. Robert, CW 1996 Handbook of physics and chemistry 66 CRC Press Florida 197–198.
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24. Singh, G, Singh, RR 1978 Indigenously fabricated apparatus for thermogravimetric analysis. Res Ind. 23:92–93.
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25. Singh, G, Felix, SP, Pandey, DK 2004 Studies on energetic compounds Part 37: kinetics of thermal decomposition of perchlorate complexes of some transition metal metals with ethylenediamine. Thermochim Acta. 411:61–71 .
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26. Singh, G, Kapoor, IPS, Vasudeva, SK 1991 Thermolysis of AP-PS additive mixtures. Ind J Technol. 29:589–594.
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27. Semenov, N 1935 Chemical kinetics and chain reactions Clarendon Press Oxford Chapter 18.
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28. Freeman, ES, Gorden, S 1956 The application of the absolute rate theory of the ignition of propagatively reacting systems: thermal ignition of the system, lithium nitrate–magnesium, sodium nitrate–magnesium. J Phys Chem. 60:867–871 .
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| Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry | |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Size | A4 |
| Year of Foundation |
1969 |
| Volumes per Year |
1 |
| Issues per Year |
24 |
| Founder | Akadémiai Kiadó |
| Founder's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. |
| Publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG |
| Publisher's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11. |
| Responsible Publisher |
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó |
| ISSN | 1388-6150 (Print) |
| ISSN | 1588-2926 (Online) |
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Temperature dependence of the rate of reaction in thermal analysis
The Arrhenius equation in condensed phase kinetics
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