Geopolymers
Inorganic polymeric new materials
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Andreas Iordanidis
Andreas Iordanidis
Department of Geotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Western Macedonia, Kila, 50100, Kozani, Greece
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Javier Garcia-Guinea
Javier Garcia-Guinea
Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Aggeliki Strati
Aggeliki Strati
16th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, Mitropoleos 25, 52100, Kastoria, Greece
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Amalia Gkimourtzina
Amalia Gkimourtzina
16th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, Mitropoleos 25, 52100, Kastoria, Greece
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Androniki Papoulidou
Androniki Papoulidou
16th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, Mitropoleos 25, 52100, Kastoria, Greece
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Abstract
Several plaster samples were collected from the wall paintings of post-Byzantine monuments from Kastoria town, northern Greece. They were analysed mainly by simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DTG/DTA) and X-ray diffraction and supplementary by electron microscope (ESEM-EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. Whitish and dark plaster layers were evident in most cases. Calcite, micas, and quartz were the dominant minerals, while dolomite, gypsum, and feldspar were detected as minor phases in most of the samples. Hydromagnesite and chlinochlore were also determined in a few samples. The utilisation of the results for chronological purposes (i.e. for assignment of different painting periods) was also suggested and the presence of dolomite and hydromagnesite could be characteristic for the provenance of the raw material. Gypsum was regarded mainly as a weathering product due to sulfation process, and secondly as a binding material of the plaster. The thermoanalytical results are in good agreement with the mineralogical data. The white plasters are categorized as hydraulic lime mortars, while the dark ones as natural pozzolanic mortars. Calcite and gypsum correlates well with their respective mass losses at certain temperature ranges and their Raman spectra are clearly detected. ESEM-EDX revealed fine calcareous components with aluminolisilicate aggregates and the application of the fresco technique either as a multi-layer or a single-layer plaster. The deterioration caused by salts (gypsum, halite, and nitratine) and micro-organisms was also determined. The detrimental effect of the salt crystallization and dissolution was also confirmed using the so-called Peltier-stage experiment.
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| Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry | |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Size | A4 |
| Year of Foundation |
1969 |
| Volumes per Year |
1 |
| Issues per Year |
24 |
| Founder | Akadémiai Kiadó |
| Founder's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. |
| Publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG |
| Publisher's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11. |
| Responsible Publisher |
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó |
| ISSN | 1388-6150 (Print) |
| ISSN | 1588-2926 (Online) |
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Temperature dependence of the rate of reaction in thermal analysis
The Arrhenius equation in condensed phase kinetics
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