Geopolymers
Inorganic polymeric new materials
Author:
Authors:
,
,
, and
K. Chennakesavulu
K. Chennakesavulu
National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Search for other papers by K. Chennakesavulu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by K. Chennakesavulu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Basariya M. Raviathul
Basariya M. Raviathul
National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Search for other papers by Basariya M. Raviathul in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Basariya M. Raviathul in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Raju G. Bhaskar
Raju G. Bhaskar
National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Search for other papers by Raju G. Bhaskar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Raju G. Bhaskar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
S. Prabhakar
S. Prabhakar
National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Search for other papers by S. Prabhakar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. Prabhakar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Thermal decomposition kinetics of calix[6]arene (C6) and calix[8]arene (C8) were studied by Thermogravimetry analysis (TG) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). TG was done under static air atmosphere with dynamic heating rates of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 K min−1. Model-free methods such as Friedman and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factors (ln A). Model-fitting method such as linear regression was used for the evaluation of optimum kinetic triplets. The kinetic parameters obtained are comparable with both the model-free and model-fitting methods. Within the tested models, the thermal decomposition of C6 and C8 are best described by a three dimensional Jander's type diffusion. The antioxidant efficiency of C6 and C8 was tested for the decomposition of polypropylene (PP).
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1. Gutsche, CD Calixarenes. Monographs in supramolecular chemistry 1989 Royal Society of Chemistry London.
-
2. Asfari, Z, Bohmer, V, Harrowfield, J, Vicens, J, Saadioui, M Calixarenes 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherlands 2001.
-
3. Radhakrishnan Nair, MN, Thomas, GV, Gopinathan Nair, MR. Thermogravimetric analysis of PVC/ELNR blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2007 92:189–196 .
-
4. Yao, F, Wu, Q, Lei, Y, Guo, W, Xu, Y. Thermal decomposition kinetics of fibers: activation energy with dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2008 93:90–98 .
-
5. Vyazovkin, S. Thermal analysis. Anal Chem. 2008;80:4301–4316 .
-
6. Lazzarotto, M, Nachtigall, FF, Schnitzler, E, Castellano, EE. Thermo gravimetric analysis of supramolecular complexes of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene and ammonium cations: crystal structure of diethylammonium complex. Thermochim Acta 2005 429:111–117 .
-
7. Schatz J , Schildbach F, Lentz A, Rastatter S. Thermal gravimetry, mass spectrometry and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy-simple and efficient methods to characterize the inclusion behavior of p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2. 1998;(1):75–7.
-
8. Pastor SD , Odorisio P. Acylated calixarene stabilizers. US Patent 4,617,336. 1986.
-
9. Seiffarth, K, Schulz, M, Gormar, G, Bachmann, J. Calix[n]arenes-new light stabilizers for polyolefins. Polym Degrad Stab 1989 24:73–80 .
-
10. Feng, W, Yuan, LH, Zheng, SY, Huang, GL, Qiao, JL, Zhou, Y. The effect of p-tert-butylcalix[n]arene on γ-radiation degradation of polypropylene. Radiat Phys Chem 2000 57:425–429 .
-
11. Zaharescu, T, Jipa, S, Setnescu, R, Santos, C, Gigante, B, Mihalcea, I, Podina, C, Gorghiu, LM. Thermal stability of additivated isotactic polypropylene. Polym Bull 2002 49:289–296 .
-
12. Jipa, S, Zaharescu, T, Setnescu, R, Setnescu, T, Dumitru, M, Gorghiu, LM, Mihalcea, I, Bumbac, M. Effect of calixarenes on thermal stability of polyethylenes. Polym Degrad Stab 2003 80:203–208 .
-
13. Pospisil, J. Mechanistic action of phenolic antioxidants in polymers—a review. Polym Degrad Stab. 1988;20:181–202 .
-
14. Gutsche, CD, Dhawan, B, No, KH, Muthukrishnan, R. Calixarenes. 4. The synthesis, characterization and properties of the calixarenes from p-tert-butylphenol. J Am Chem Soc 1981 103:3782–3792 .
-
15. Gutsche, CD, Lin, LG. Calixarenes 12: the synthesis of functionalized calixarenes. Tetrahedron 1986 42 6 1633–1640 .
-
16. Galwey, AK, Brown, ME Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry 1998 1 Elsevier Amsterdam.
-
17. Friedman, H. Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry. Application to a phenolic plastic. J Polym Sci. 1963;6 1 183–95.
-
18. Ozawa, T. A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 1965;38:1881–86 .
-
19. Flynn, JH, Wall, LA. General treatment of the thermogravimetry of polymers. J Res Natl Bur Stand 1996 70A:487–523.
-
20. Vyazovkin, S, Wight, CA. Model-free and model-fitting approaches to kinetic analysis of isothermal and non-isothermal data. Thermochim Acta 1999 340–341:53–68 .
-
21. Swain, SN, Rao, KK, Nayak, PL. Biodegradable polymers part II. Thermal degradation of biodegradable plastics cross-linked from formaldehyde-soy protein concentrate. J Therm Anal Calorim 2005 79:33–38 .
-
22. Turmanova, SC, Genieva, SD, Dimitrova, AS, Vlaev, LT. Non-isothermal degradation kinetics of filled with rise husk ash polypropene composites. Exp Polym Lett 2008 2 2 133–146 .
-
23. Chen, F, Sorensen, OT, Meng, G, Peng, D. Thermal decomposition of BaC2O4.5H2O Studied by stepwise isothermal analysis and non-isothermal thermogravimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim 1998 53:397–410 .
-
24. Vyazovkin, S. A unified approach to kinetic processing of non-isothermal data. Int J Chem Kinet. 1996;28:95–101 .
-
25. Pielichowski, K, Njuguna, J Thermal degradation of polymeric materials 2005 Rapra Technology Limited UK.
-
26. Deligoz, H, Ozen, O, Cilgi, GK, Cetisli, H. A study on the thermal behaviours of parent calix[4]arenes and some azocalix[4]arene derivatives. Thermochim Acta 2005 426:33–38 .
-
27. Zhu, L, Chen, J, Xu, L, Lian, X, Xu, K, Chen, M. Synthesis of 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoates and their thermal antioxidation behavior for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2009 94:1906–1913 .
-
28. Maskos, Z, Khachatryan, L, Dellinger, B. Formation of the persistent primary radicals from the pyrolysis of tobacco. Energy Fuels 2008 22:1027–1033 .
-
29. Tanaka, A, Yashiro, H, Ishigaki, A, Murai, H. Time-resolved ESR study on complex radical pairs formed in the photolysis of methylene blue included in water-soluble sulfonated calixarenes. Appl Magn Reson 2010 37:581–593 .
-
30. Wang, Q, Li, Y, Wu, GS. ESR study of calix[4]arene by spin-trapping method. Appl Magn Reson 2000 18:419–424 .
-
31. Qin, Z, Xin, Z, Jian-Bing, Z, Jun, T, Zhao-Tian, F, Wan-Fu, S. Radiation effect of Apocynum fiber. Nucl Sci Tech 2006 17:38–42 .
-
32. Hedrick, SA, Chuang, SSC. Temperature programmed decomposition of polypropylene: in situ FTIR coupled with mass spectroscopy study. Thermochim Acta 1998 315:159–168 .
-
33. Yang, W, Manek, R, Kolling, WM, Brits, M, Liebenberg, W MM De Villiers Physicochemical characterization of hydrated 4-sulphonato-calix[n]arenas: thermal, structural and sorption properties. Supramol Chem 2005 17:485–496 .
-
34. Aboulkas, A, Harfi, KE, Bouadili, AE, Chanaa, MB, Mokhlisse, A. Pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene morocco oil shale and their mixture. J Thermal Anal Calorim 2007 89:203–209 .
To see the editorial board, please visit the website of Springer Nature.
Manuscript Submission: HERE
For subscription options, please visit the website of Springer Nature.
| Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry | |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Size | A4 |
| Year of Foundation |
1969 |
| Volumes per Year |
1 |
| Issues per Year |
24 |
| Founder | Akadémiai Kiadó |
| Founder's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. |
| Publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó Springer Nature Switzerland AG |
| Publisher's Address |
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245. CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11. |
| Responsible Publisher |
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó |
| ISSN | 1388-6150 (Print) |
| ISSN | 1588-2926 (Online) |
Monthly Content Usage
| Abstract Views | Full Text Views | PDF Downloads | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 2024 | 27 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2024 | 22 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 2024 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 2024 | 33 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 2024 | 150 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 2024 | 64 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 2024 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Temperature dependence of the rate of reaction in thermal analysis
The Arrhenius equation in condensed phase kinetics
Author:
Copyright Akadémiai Kiadó AKJournals is the trademark of Akadémiai Kiadó's journal publishing business branch.
Powered by PubFactory