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J. M. Rivas Mercury Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão—IFMA, Sao Luis, Brazil

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A. A. Cabral Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão—IFMA, Sao Luis, Brazil

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A. E. M. Paiva Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão—IFMA, Sao Luis, Brazil

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R. S. Angélica Geoscience Institute—IGC, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Belem, Brazil

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R. F. Neves Geoscience Institute—IGC, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Belem, Brazil

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T. Scheller Geoscience Institute—IGC, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Belem, Brazil

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Abstract

This article studied the thermal behavior and the evolution of the crystalline phases with temperature of the red mud (bauxite tailing) from an aluminum industry at Maranhão, North-Northwestern Brazil. The experiments were carried out by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (TG–DSC), Optical Dilatometry up to 1623 K, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of previously heated samples between 523 and 1523 K. The crystalline phases and the amorphous contents were quantified on raw and heated samples (at 1523 K) according to the Rietveld Quantitative Analysis (RQA) method. The data obtained showed that the raw red mud is composed by a mixture of seven different phases (hematite, goethite, sodalite, anatase, gibbsite, calcite, and amorphous). Finally in the interval of 1023–1523 K the following crystalline phases: hematite, nepheline, sodalite, anatase, perovskite, and pseudobrookite have been observed.

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
1969
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
24
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1388-6150 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2926 (Online)

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