Cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and pour point (PP) of biodiesel samples obtained from blends containing different amounts of beef tallow, babassu oil, and soybean oil were investigated by the corresponding conventional techniques and by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). The CP and CFPP values correlate well with the crystallization temperature (Tonset) obtained from the TMDSC curves, being the highest for the biodiesel sample containing the highest amount of methyl stearate. A correspondence between PP and the peak temperature was also noticed, pointing out that pouring ceases after the crystallization of the heavier fatty acid ester. Among the samples of biodiesel, Bio-3 (highest amount of babassu oil) and Bio-4 (highest amount of soybean oil) showed better cold-flow properties, or in other words, lower values of CP, CFPP, and PP. Independently of the composition, the cold-flow properties of all biodiesel samples meet the requirements from the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP).
1. Candeia, RA, Silva, MCD, Carvalho Filho, JR, Brasilino, MGA, Bicudo, TC, Santos, IMG, Souza, AG. Influence of soybean biodiesel content on basic properties of biodiesel–diesel blends. Fuel. 2009;88:738–743. .
2. Leung, DYC, Wu, X, Leung, MKH. A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification. Appl Energy. 2010;87:1083–1095. .
3. Moser, BR, Vaughn, SF. 2010 Coriander seed oil methyl esters as biodiesel fuel: unique fatty acid composition and excellent oxidative stability. Biomass Bioenerg. 34:550–558. .
4. Predojevic, ZJ. The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: a comparison of different purification steps. Fuel. 2008;87:3522–3528. .
5. Om Tapanes, NC, Aranda, DAG, Carneiro, JWM, Antunes, OAC. Transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil glycerides: theoretical and experimental studies of biodiesel reaction. Fuel. 2008;87:2286–2295. .
6. Taravus, S, Temur, H, Yartasi, A. Alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production from mixtures of sunflower oil and beef tallow. Energy Fuel. 2009;23:4112–4115. .
7. Dias, JM, Alvim-Ferraz, MCM, Almeida, MF. Mixtures of vegetable oils and animal fat for biodiesel production: influence on product composition and quality. Energy Fuel. 2008;22:3889–3893. .
8. Benjumea, PN, Agudelo, JR, Rios, LA. Cold flow properties of palm oil biodiesel. Revista Facultad de Ingenieria-Universidad de Antioquia. 2007;42:94–104.
9. Coutinho, JAP, Gonçalves, M, Pratas, MJ, Batista, MLS, et al. Measurement and modeling of biodiesel cold-flow properties. Energy Fuel. 2010;24:2667–2674. .
10. Sarin, A, Arora, R, Singh, NP, Sarin, R, Malhotra, RK, Sarin, S. Blends of biodiesels synthesized from non-edible and edible oils: effects on the cold filter plugging point. Energy Fuel. 2010;24:1996–2001. .
11. Boros, L, Batista, MLS, Vaz, RV, Figueiredo, BR, Fernandes, VFS, Costa, MC, Krahenbuhl, MA, Meirelles, AJA, Coutinho, JAP. Behavior of mixtures of fatty acid ethyl esters with ethyl stearate. Energy Fuel. 2009;23:4625–4629. .
12. Santos, NA, Santos, JRJ, Sinfronio, FSM, et al. Thermogravimetric and calorimetric evalution of babassu biodiesel obtained by the methanol route. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:611–614. .
13. Imahara, H, Minamie, E, Saka, S. Thermodynamic study on cloud point of biodiesel with its fatty acid composition. Fuel. 2006;85:1666–1670. .
14. Dunn, RO, Bagby, MO. Low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based diesel fuels: transesterified methyl esters and petroleum middle distillate/ester blends. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1995;72:895–904. .
15. Santos, NA, Tavares, MLA, Rosenhaim, R, Silva, FC, VJ Fernandes Jr, et al. Thermogravimetric and calorimetric evalution of babassu biodiesel obtained by the methanol route. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;87:649–652. .
16. Dunn RO . Effect of winterization on fuel properties of methyl soyate. In: Peterson CL, editor. Proceedings of commercialization of biodiesel: producing a quality fuel Moscow, ID: University of Idaho; 1998. p. 164–86.
17. Gómez, MEG, Howard-Hildige, R, Leahy, JJ, Rice, B. Winterization of waste cooking oil methyl ester to improve cold temperature fuel properties. Fuel. 2002;81:33–39. .
18. Lee, I, Johnson, LA, Hammond, EG. Reducing the crystallization temperature of biodiesel by winterizing methyl soyate. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1996;73:631–636. .
19. Baroutian, S, Aroua, MK, Raman, AAA, Sulaiman, NMN. Viscosities and densities of binary and ternary blends of palm oil+palm biodiesel+diesel fuel at different temperatures. J Chem Eng Data. 2010;55:504–507. .
20. Dunn, RO. Cold-flow properties of soybean oil fatty acid monoalkyl ester admixtures. Energy Fuel. 2009;23:4082–4091. .
21. Foglia, TA, Nelson, LA, Dunn, RO, Marmer, WN. Low-temperature properties of alkyl esters of tallow and grease. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1997;74:895–904. .