The synthesis and the characterization of Al2O3-based nanocrystalline inorganic pigments are reported. The pigments were synthesized by the polymeric precursor (Pechini method) using Cr2O3 as chromophore. XRD results only evidenced the corundum phase. The average particle size was about 34 nm. The samples were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG), and CIE-L*a*b* calorimetry. The pigments obtained in this work presented different colors, ranging from green to rose.