Authors:
V. Elia University ‘Federico II’ of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Department of Chemistry via Cintia 80126 Naples Italy

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L. Elia University ‘Federico II’ of Naples Department of Physics Via Coroglio 156 80126 Naples Italy

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N. Marchettini University of Siena Department of Chemical and Biosystems Science Via della Diana 2/A 53100 Siena Italy

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E. Napoli University ‘Federico II’ of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Department of Chemistry via Cintia 80126 Naples Italy

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M. Niccoli University ‘Federico II’ of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Department of Chemistry via Cintia 80126 Naples Italy

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E. Tiezzi University of Siena Department of Chemical and Biosystems Science Via della Diana 2/A 53100 Siena Italy

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Abstract  

An extensive study has been carried out on aqueous ‘extremely diluted solutions’ (EDS). The employed experimental methodologies were well established physico-chemical techniques: flux calorimetry, conductometry, pH-metry, e.m.f. of suitable galvanic cell. The obtained results show that the preparation procedure significantly alters the physico-chemical behaviour of such solutions. Moreover, the analysis of the experimental data vs. the ‘arrow of time’ turned out to be astonishingly important. In fact some measured physico-chemical parameters evolve with time. Some experimentally measurable physico-chemical properties of the solvent water were largely affected by both time and the ‘life path’ of the samples. In particular, we evidenced two new experimental phenomena characterizing the EDS: the presence of a series of maximums in the measured electrical conductivity vs. the sample age; the dependence of said maximums on the volume of the EDS during its ageing. All of these new experimental results clearly suggest the presence of an extended and ‘ordered’ dynamics involving the whole of the water molecules in the liquid. A temporal evolution, featuring three maximums in the course of four years of ageing and the dependence on the ageing volumes do not fit the framework of classical thermodynamics. It therefore seems appropriate to interpret these phenomena on the basis of the thermodynamics of dissipative structures, which are far from equilibrium systems.

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
1969
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
24
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 1388-6150 (Print)
ISSN 1588-2926 (Online)

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