The aim of the present work was the characterization of nonpregnant and early pregnant myometrium (days 3–6) of the rat by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The spontaneous motor activity as well as the KCl-evoked contractions of isolated uterine rings was additionally recorded. A relatively close correlation was found between calorimetric enthalpy (ΔH) and the contractility of the uterus samples. Our results indicate that DSC is a useful tool for the investigation of the functions of developing myometrium and it can be considered as supplementing the traditional structural and functional methods.